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Origins of Persian Tiles
Article:

(Section is add to the lead that is already in the article)

The mastery of Persian lustered tiles traces its origins to a technique pioneered in the ninth century in Mesopotamia or modern-day Iraq, this technique experienced a resurgence in popularity during the 13th and 14th century by. The Lustre technique was originally conceived for pottery as a sealant or decorative finish, it evolved to adorn and fortify tiles that were later used for embellishments in architectural ensembles.

These tiles were created in a distinctive star-shaped or cross shaped motifs crafted to meticulously harmonize with adjacent pieces to decorate a larger architectural area.

Turkish Influence -

The integration of Muslim Turkish society shifted Islamic influence by influencing the creation of distinctive cultural contributions. Turkish influence helped varied the spheres of literature art and architecture by mixing with the already established Islamic perspectives and lifestyles.

From the emergence of Muslim Turkish integration to Islam civilization a changed in distinct cultural contribution happened. Turks infused many Islamic perspectives and lifestyles into influential literacy, artistic and architectural endeavors. One of the biggest influences came from the artistic form of poetry and poems, during the Great Seljuk State influences of Persian poetry was propelled during this time by the patronage of sultans and other high-ranking officials.

Advancements in tile firing techniques by Kashan artisans lead to the production known as Kashi. These tiles became a luxurious desire in the 13th and 14th era. These tiles depicted scenes of related poems and poetry that was famously made and recognize during this era.

-16 th and 18th- Tile production took a pause; trade and other factors stopped the production and use of tiles as popular as it was before.

-Qashani Tiles 19th Century - This “long nineteenth century ” is characterized by an attempt to refashion the country, a continuing process which confrontation with Europe and European society intensified. Explore and write about the use of Arab Middle Eastern influence or tile art that was used for decor on ships and fabric when it was introduced to Europe)

During the Iikanid period (1258- 1353) its popularity in Iran. Innovation in tile work techniques flourished under artisan from Kashan, their use of advance techniques from pottery lead to discover that by applying metal oxide compounds there were able to perfect glazes that left a metallic finish to their pieces. The use of polychrome glazing and underglaze painting emerged in an advancement to adding decorations to pieces. Lajvardina- a overglaze painting technique using colors of deep blue and gold lead.

Tiles were used to adorn interiors and exteriors of places like palaces, mosques and shrines. Many IIkhalid tiles are dispersed worldwide, making it harder to pinpoint what was Persian Tile inspiration and what wasn't.

Notes: (Ottoman empire- Isnik)

(Iran- iznik)

References:

1-J. Henderson, J. Raby (Jun., 1989). "The Technology of Fifteenth Century Turkish Tiles: An Interim Statement on the Origins of the Iznik Industry" Vol. 21, No. 1, Ceramic Technology, pp. 115-132 (18 pages)

2-Gülru Necipoğlu Muqarnas (1990) "From International Timurid to Ottoman: A Change of Taste in Sixteenth-Century Ceramic Tiles " Vol. 7 (1990), pp. 136-170 (35 pages) Published By: Brill

3-Martina Rugiadi Associate Curator, Department of Islamic Art, The Metropolitan Museum of Art. "Ceramic Technology in the Seljuq Period: Stonepaste in Syria and Iran in the Twelfth and Early Thirteenth Centuries"

2- Masuya, Tomoko. Ars Orientalis (2000). "Art & Architecture Complete Persian Tiles on European Walls: Collecting Ilkhanid Tiles in Nineteenth Century Europe" Vol. 30, p39-54.

1- DENİZMEN, Serap. Journal of Oriental Studies / Sarkiyat Mecmuasi. (2023). "When Poetry Came Alive on Tiles: Persian Poems on 13th-14th-Century Kashan Tiles" Issue 42, p379-401. 23p. Language: Turkish. DOI: 10.26650/jos.1204240. , Database: Academic Search Complete