User:Ravenpuff/List of current cardinals



Cardinals are senior members of the clergy of the Catholic Church. They are almost always bishops and generally hold important roles within the church, such as leading prominent archdioceses or heading dicasteries within the Roman Curia. Cardinals are created in consistories by the pope, and one of their foremost duties is the election of a new pope – invariably from among their number, although not strictly a requirement – when the Holy See is vacant (sede vacante), following the death or resignation of the reigning pontiff. The body of all cardinals is collectively known as the College of Cardinals.

Under current ecclesiastical law, as defined by the apostolic constitution Universi Dominici gregis, only cardinals who have not passed their 80th birthdays on the day on which the Holy See becomes vacant are eligible to participate in a papal conclave to elect a new pope. The same apostolic constitution also specifies a maximum of 120 cardinal electors who can participate in a conclave, but makes no provision in case this number is exceeded; this has often happened, although never at the time of a conclave. Cardinals may also be created in pectore (reserved 'in the breast'), in which case their identities are not publicly revealed by the pope; they do not enjoy the privileges of a cardinal until their names are published. The creations of any such cardinals who have not been revealed at the pope's death or resignation automatically lapse.

there are 223 cardinals, 123 of whom are cardinal electors. The most recent consistory for the creation of cardinals was held on 27 August 2022, when Pope Francis created 20 cardinals, including 16 cardinal electors. Domenico Calcagno was the most recent cardinal elector to turn 80, on 3 February 2023; and Dominik Duka will be the next cardinal elector to turn 80, on 26 April 2023. The most recent death of a cardinal was that of George Pell, on 10 January 2023, at the age of 81.

Cardinals
The College of Cardinals is divided into three orders, with formal precedence in the following sequence:


 * 1) Cardinal bishops (CB): the six cardinals who are assigned the titles of the seven suburbicarian dioceses in the vicinity of Rome by the pope, plus a few other cardinals who have been exceptionally co-opted into the order,  as well as patriarchs who head one of the Eastern Catholic Churches. The two most senior cardinal bishops, who are elected by the cardinal bishops from among themselves (excluding the Eastern Catholic patriarchs) and approved by the pope, are the dean and the vice dean, currently Giovanni Battista Re and Leonardo Sandri, respectively. The latter is also the senior cardinal bishop among the cardinal electors.
 * 2) Cardinal priests (CP): bishops typically in charge of dioceses around the world, as well as former cardinal deacons who have opted to be elevated to the order. The most senior cardinal priest is the protopriest, currently Michael Michai Kitbunchu; among the cardinal electors, the senior cardinal priest is Vinko Puljić.
 * 3) Cardinal deacons (CD): bishops who work in the Roman Curia or the diplomatic service of the Holy See, and all other clergy, including priests who have been granted a dispensation not to be consecrated a bishop. They have the choice (optatio) of opting to become cardinal priests after having been cardinal deacons for ten years. The most senior cardinal deacon is the protodeacon, currently Renato Raffaele Martino; among the cardinal electors, the senior cardinal deacon is James Michael Harvey and the junior cardinal deacon is Fernando Vérgez Alzaga.

For cardinal bishops (excluding the Eastern Catholic patriarchs), the dean is first in precedence, followed by the vice-dean and then, in order of appointment as cardinal bishops, by the remainder. For cardinal bishops who are Eastern Catholic patriarchs, for cardinal priests and for cardinal deacons, precedence is determined by the date of the consistory in which they were created cardinals and then by the order in which they appeared in the official announcement or bulletin.

All cardinals listed are members of the Latin Church unless otherwise stated. Cardinals belonging to institutes of consecrated life or to societies of apostolic life are indicated by the relevant post-nominal letters.

{{Legend|#fcc|Cardinals ineligible to participate in a papal conclave|text=&ast;}} <!-- For cardinals who are ineligible to participate in a papal conclave, the background colour of the corresponding table row should be changed by unhiding the style for background colour next to the table-row mark ("|-"). An asterisk ("*") should also be placed after the name (see below).

The "Rank" column holds a keyword, "_row_count", for each row, so that the template that surrounds the entire table can number the rows. The column also holds hidden indicators for the precedence of cardinals within each consistory in HTML comments, with the syntax "⟨year⟩[⟨letter⟩]-⟨precedence⟩", to aid rearrangement of rows if required (see below). An additional ⟨letter⟩ ("a", "b", etc.) is specified if there was more than one consistory in a particular year. The ⟨precedence⟩ is that within each consistory, irrespective of order, as specified in the announcement; it is given in two digits, preceded by leading zeroes if necessary ("01", "02", etc.).

The full names of cardinals in the "Name" column are given as per official sources, irrespective of article titles. Cardinals belonging to institutes of consecrated life or to societies of apostolic life have the corresponding post-nominal indicated with "". All data-sort-values are expressed in the syntax "⟨surname⟩, ⟨given name⟩", corresponding with the text of the column (without post-nominals) and with any diacritics removed, to facilitate proper sorting. If in doubt, the same sources are also typically followed to determine what the surname is considered to be. If a cardinal is ineligible to participate in a conclave, an asterisk ("*") is placed after the name, in addition to the background colour of the row being changed (see above).

Countries in the "Country" column are indicated and sorted, using data-sort-values as necessary, as in the "List of sovereign states" article. If a cardinal is from a dependent territory, this is given in the "Country" column, with the type of territory and the state which holds sovereignty over that territory noted in a footnote, list-defined in the "Notes" section. If a cardinal is from a non-UN member state with limited recognition (e.g. Taiwan, the State of Palestine), its status and the country that claims it is noted in an footnote.

If only the birth year of a cardinal is known, the birth date in the "Born" column is sorted using the template as the last day of the year (31 December), but only the year is displayed (i.e. the |format= parameter is set to "y" instead of "dmy"). If the birth month and year are known, but not the precise date, the birth date is sorted as the last day of the month, but only the month and year are displayed (|format= set to "my" instead of "dmy"). In both cases, the relevant parameters of 24 years (e.g. the month and the year, if both are not known) are left blank, which may then display an age range as appropriate. An footnote may helpfully be added.

The data-sort-values for the "Order" column are "1" for cardinal bishops, "2" for cardinal priests and "3" for cardinal deacons. When a cardinal deacon becomes a cardinal priest (optatio), the data-sort-value is changed from "3" to "2" and the row is manually reordered accordingly with reference to the hidden indicators of precedence in the "No." column (see above). A footnote ("") is also appended to the date in the "Consistory" column and "" is added as a new line in the template. When a cardinal is appointed or co-opted as a cardinal bishop, the data-sort-value is changed to "1" and the row is manually reordered accordingly. A footnote (e.g. "") is also appended to the "Consistory" column (or, if a footnote is already present, it is modified accordingly). As above, if this affects more than one cardinal, the footnote should be list-defined in the template.

Link texts for popes in the "Consistory" column should be formatted so as to avoid line breaks, achieved by using " " in place of ordinary spaces.

The "Office" column indicates a cardinal's current position(s) within the church or, if he is retired or holds no otherwise-notable office, his last position(s) before retirement (denoted with "emeritus"). Positions that are held ex officio with another office are generally not included. If the cardinal is not a consecrated bishop, "" is appended to the office. If the cardinal has not held any notable office, his membership of a religious institute or of the diocese in which he is incardinated is indicated instead, with "" as appropriate. During a vacancy of the Holy See, unhide the list-defined reference for "Sede vacante" in the in the "Notes" section of the article and append "" to the following incumbent curial offices, if present in the table: the secretary of state, prefects of dicasteries, and the president of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See. Remove the templates and rehide the list-defined reference once a new pope is elected. The Eastern Catholic Churches to which certain cardinals belong are also indicated in brackets, on a new line.

References for all cardinals, in the "Ref." column, are citations of English biographies, sourced from the Holy See Press Office (https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali---statistiche/elenco_alfabetico.html) and preferably archived with the Internet Archive's Wayback Machine. --> {{^|

Cardinals to be created on ⟨date⟩
On ⟨date⟩, Pope ⟨name⟩ announced that 21 cardinals, including 16 cardinal electors, would be created in a consistory to be held on ⟨date⟩. The orders to which the appointees will belong are unconfirmed; they are listed here in order of announcement.

}}

Former cardinals
there are two living former cardinals:
 * Jorge Mario Bergoglio, created a cardinal on 21 February 2001 and elected as Pope Francis on 13 March 2013
 * Theodore Edgar McCarrick, created a cardinal on 21 February 2001 and resigned from the College of Cardinals following allegations of sexual misconduct on 28 July 2018

Demographics of the College of Cardinals
At present, of  cardinals are eligible to participate in a papal conclave. The number of votes required to be elected pope with a two-thirds supermajority, if all cardinal electors were to participate, would be.

This table indicates the number of current cardinals created by each pope and belonging to each order of the College.

Cardinals by particular church sui iuris
While most cardinals belong to the Latin Church, which encompasses the vast majority of Catholics, a small number of cardinals belong to one of the twenty-three autonomous (sui iuris) Eastern Catholic Churches. At present, there are six Eastern Catholic cardinals, including four cardinal electors, belonging to six particular churches sui iuris:


 * Béchara Boutros Raï (Maronite Church)
 * Louis Raphaël I Sako (Chaldean Catholic Church), cardinal elector
 * George Alencherry (Syro-Malabar Catholic Church), cardinal elector
 * Lucian Mureșan (Romanian Greek Catholic Church)
 * Baselios Cleemis Thottunkal (Syro-Malankara Catholic Church), cardinal elector
 * Berhaneyesus Demerew Souraphiel (Ethiopian Catholic Church), cardinal elector

Cardinals by institute of consecrated life or society of apostolic life
At present, there are 51 cardinals, including 29 cardinal electors, who are members of the religious life, representing 28 institutes of consecrated life and societies of apostolic life. Common names for members, if different, are given in brackets in this table.

Cardinals by continent
For the purposes of this article, countries are grouped into continents generally according to the regions of the United Nations geoscheme; for the region of the Americas, North America comprises the subregions of Northern America, Central America and the Caribbean, while South America comprises the remaining subregion of the same name. Statistics for the global distribution of Catholics are taken from the 2020 edition of the Annuarium Statisticum Ecclesiae (Statistical Yearbook of the Church).

Cardinals by country
At present, 88 countries are represented in the College of Cardinals, including 66 with at least one cardinal elector. The countries with the greatest numbers of cardinals are Italy (forty-seven), the United States (sixteen), and Spain (twelve). Among the cardinal electors, the countries with the greatest numbers are Italy (sixteen), the United States (ten), and Brazil and Spain jointly (six each).