User:Ravirajdass/sandbox

i am Ravi kumar Dhamdara as B-tech Engineer(Mechanical ) Abohar Punjab. my gmail id ( ravirajdass@gmail.com ) send any information regarding to Bawaria cast. i am AKASH KOHLI as a MA(HINDI) I AM SAHIB RAJA as a govt. teacher in katehra(fazilka) 1948 में श्री जयनारायणजी व्यास को जोधपुर दरबार श्री हनुवंत सिंह जी ने मारवाड़ जोधपुर का मुख्यमंत्री बना दिया,श्री मथुरादास माथुर को शिक्षामंत्री व श्री द्वारका दासजी पुरोहित को वित्त मंत्री बनाया गया ।

बावरी समाज की समस्याओं के बारे में संतजी अक्सर श्री जयनारायणजी व्यास,श्री अचलेश्वर प्रसादजी शर्मा, श्री माणिक्य लालजी वर्मा,श्री हरि भाऊ उपाध्याय,श्री हीरालाल शास्त्री व राज्य के अन्य नेताओं से विचार-विमर्श करते रहते थे ।

1948 में संत लाडारामजी के नेतृत्व में महर्षि पूर्णानन्दजी, दयालनाथजी महाराज, लाल भारती जी, खींयारामजी व अन्य बावरी समाज के कार्यकर्ताओं के साथ एक शिष्टमण्डल मुख्यमंत्री श्री जयनारायण जी व्यास से मिला । संतजी ने व्यास जी से कहा कि बावरी जाति बहुत दुखी है,इनको हर बारह घंटे से पुलिस में हाजरी देनी पड़ती है, इस कारण न तो ये लोग खेती कर सकते हैं और न ही कोई मजदूरी कर सकते हैं। फिर ये बावरी भूखे मरते कहीं बाजरी तो कभी अनाज की चोरी कर लेते हंै तो इन्हें दुगुनी सजा मिलती है । जिससे ये समाज बर्बाद हो चुका है । श्री जयनारायणजी व्यास ने कहा, ‘‘संतजी, मैं इस कार्य के लिये आपका पूरा साथ दूंगा ।’’

तय हुआ कि सोजत में बावरी-समाज का सम्मेलन बुलाया जाय और श्री जयनारायण जी व्यास मुख्यमंत्री जोधपुर रियासत इसके मुख्य अतिथि होगे । बावरी समाज का यह पहला सम्मेलन 1948 में सोजत में हुआ जिसका उद्घाटन श्री जयनारायणजी व्यास ने किया । व्यास जी ने सम्मेलन में कहा, ‘‘बावरी भाइयों आप मूलरूप में किसान हो, चोर-डाकू नहीं परन्तु आपकी जाति को बहादुर और श्रमशील देखकर अंग्रेजों और राजाओं ने जुरायम पेशा एक्ट कानून लगाकर आपको बांध दिया है। व्यासजी ने कहा, ‘‘बाबजी ने आप लोगों को संगठित किया है। संतजी ने आजादी से पहले राजाओं के विरूद्व शिकारखाने व सूअरों की तालियां उठाने का बहुत ही अच्छा कार्य किया है व किसानों को राहत पहुंचाई है, अब बावरी समाज की हाजरियां बन्द कराने में लगे हैं और मुझे विश्वास है कि संतजी के नेतृत्व में यह कार्य भी पूरा होकर रहेगा ।’’ सोजत का सम्मेलन बावरी समाज में जागृति करने एंव निडर रहने के उद्देश्यों से सफल रहा। सोजत के नागरिकों की ओर से बावरी समाज का स्वागत किया गया । बड़ी सादड़ी,मेवाड़ में बावरी समाज का सम्मेलन:

सन् 1949 में बावरी समाज का सम्मेलन मेवाड़ के बड़ी सादड़ी नगर मे बुलाया गया । तब आव देखा न ताव वहाँ के डी.आई.जी. पुलिस महोदय ने संतजी को डाँट कर कहा आपने वगैर सरकार के आदेश लिये करीब दो हजार बावरी समाज के प्रतिनिधियों को सारे हिन्दुस्तान के गाँवो से बुलाया है । ये रात को चोरी किये बगैर नहीं रह सकते, इसलिये पुलिस गोली चलाकर इन चोर बावरियों को सम्मेलन करने का मजा चखायेगी । श्री संत लाडाराम ने निडर होकर कहा- इस आजाद भारत में किस पुलिस अधिकारी की माता ने अजमाखाया है जो इन ईमानदार खेतिहर किसान राज बोहरा बावरियों को गोली मारने की धमकी देकर इन दलितो के बुनियादी अधिकार छीनना चाहता है । सबसे पहले सरकार गोली मुझ पर चलाये । मेरा धर्म ही नहीं कर्तव्य है कि एक भी बावरी को मरने नहीं दूँगा क्यों कि ये चोर नहीं है और खेती करके अपना गुजारा करने वालो मे से हैं । इनके घरों में जाकर दनकी आर्थिक दुर्दशा मैने देखी है, सम्मेलन मैने बुलाया है और इन दलितो के सुधार के लिये बुलाया है न कि चोरी-डाका डालने के लिये। हमारा कर्तव्य भारत के कानून मंत्री डा. अम्बेडकर से भारत के संविधान में इन दलित वर्ग के लोगों को आरक्षण प्रदान कर उचित न्याय दिलाने का है जिससे ये शोषित वर्ग अपनी रोजी-रोटी कमाकर अपने बच्चों को सुयोग्य बना सके ।

श्री संत लाडाराम ने पुलिस अधिकारियों को अपनी साधुता के आत्मबल से जोरदार शब्दो मे कहा- मैं दलितों का स्वयं सेवक सीना तानकर पुलिस के सामने गोली खाने को तैयार हूँ,आने दिजीये ये पुलिस की गोली, हम गोलियों से नहीं डरते-नहीं डरते । प्रगतिशीलता विचार और अभूतपूर्व आत्मबल के आगे पुलिस अधिकारी दांतो तले अंगुली दबाते हुए गोली नहीं चला सके, उनकी बंदूके धरी रह गई और अखिल भारतीय किसान राज बोहरा बावरी सुधार महासभा का सम्मेलन शानदार ढंग से हुआ और पुलिस को संतजी के आगे झुकना पड़ा ।

इस अभूतपूर्व पुलिस अधिकारियों की गोली चलाने के खिलाफ राज गोहरा बावरी न्यात गंगा की प्रत्यक्ष जीत देखकर स्वामी श्री दयालनाथजी,श्री पूर्णानन्दजी व अन्य बावरी समाज के किसान नेताओं ने बाबजी को श्रीराम-भरत मिलाप की तरह गले लगाते हुए ऊँचा उठा लिया और ‘भारत माता की जय’ और ‘संत लाडाराम जिन्दाबाद’ के नारो से सम्मेलन स्थल गूंज उठा ।

( अखिल भारतीय बावरी मोगिया किसान महासभा सम्मेलन सादड़ी, उदयपुर में । )

( सम्मेलन में बावरी समाज की महिलाऐं शपथ लेते हुए,‘‘चोरी नहीं करेंगे, पर चोरों को पकड़ायेंगे’। )

इसके बाद बाबजी (संतजी) ने कई थानो में घूम - घूम कर बावरी किसानों को पुलिस के जुल्मी पंजे से छुड़ाया। जहां भी बावरी किसानों को मारा-पीटा-अत्याचार हुए बाबजी सब काम छोड़कर इस कौम को बचाने के लिये दौड़ पड़ते थे । कई सवर्ण कौमें बावरी किसानों को सहयोग देने से श्री संत लाडाराम के प्रयासों से नाराज हो गई पर संतजी ने कभी इसकी परवाह नहीं की और बावरी समाज के सामाजिक और राजनैतिक उत्थान के लिये निरन्तर संघर्ष करते रहे बाबजी ने जोधपुर डिविजन व उदयपुर डिविजन के गांवों में लगातार दौरे किये । चितौड़ जिले के निम्बाहेड़ा कस्बे में संतजी ,नारायण वर्मा, लाल भारती आदि बावरी समाज की सभा को सम्बोधित कर रहे थे । निम्बाहेड़ा कस्बे के पुलिस कर्मचारी संतजी व दयालनाथ जी को गिरफ्तार करने के लिये आये । संतजी ने दंबग आवाज में उन्हें वारंट दिखाने के लिये कहा तो पुलिस वाले असमंजस में पड़ गये और संतजी से बेवजह तंग करने के लिये माफी मांगी ।

इस सम्बन्ध में बाबजी निरन्तर राजस्थान के गांवों में घूम-घूम कर इस काले कानून को समाप्त करने के लिए आवाज उठाते रहे । भारत के राष्ट्रपति डॉ. राजेन्द्र प्रसाद जी,प्रधान मंत्री श्री जवाहर लाल नेहरू,सरदार पटेल,डॉ. भीमराव अम्बेडकर व अन्य केन्द्रीय नेताओं से संतजी के नेतृत्व में बावरी, मोगिया समाज,मीणा,भील,कंजर,सांसी आदि जातियों के प्रतिनिधि मण्डल मिले। संतजी ने सभी को इन जातियों पर सदियों से हो रहे अत्याचार के बारे में विस्तार से बताया। सन् 1950 में संत लाडाराम जी के प्रयासों से देश के प्रधानमंत्री श्री जवाहर लाल नेहरू ने राष्ट्रपति डॉ. राजेन्द्र प्रसाद से इस जुरायम पेषा एक्ट को समाप्त करने एंव पुलिस में हाजरी देने के काले कानून को समाप्त करने की सिफारिश की । भारत के राष्ट्रपति डॉ. राजेन्द्र प्रसाद ने इस काले कानून को समाप्त करने के बारे में दिल्ली में हुई शिष्टाचार भेंट के दौरान संतजी को अवगत कराया ।

संत लाडारामजी के प्रयासों से सम्पूर्ण भारत वर्ष में बावरी, मोगिया, मीणा, कंजर, सांसी, भील आदि जातियों के सदियों से चल रहे इस जुरायम पेशा कानून से मुक्ति मिली एंव इन जातियों के लाखों लोगों को खुली हवा में सांस लेने का अवसर मिला । संतजी के अपने जीवन में इस कानून को समाप्त कराकर इन अत्यन्त गरीब व पिछड़ी जातियों की हाजरियां माफ करा एक नई दिशा प्रदान करने का बहुत बड़ा कार्य था ।

(जुरायम पेशा एक्ट) अपराधी जनजाति कानून 12 अक्टूम्बर 1871 को लागू हुआ था । इसमें 160 समुदायों -जातियों का नाम था । इनके वयस्क पुरूषों को हर रोज थाने में हाजरी देनी पड़ती थी । यह कानून संत लाडारामजी के अथक प्रयासों के बाद 1950 में खत्म हुआ । बावरी समाज को अनुसुचित जाति में स्थान:

बाबजी लिखते है कि 07/02/1975 आदिवासी (आदिम) जाति बावरी को आजादी के 27 वर्ष बाद भी इस खेतिहर जाति को अनुसुचित जाति-जनजाति में नही लिया गया है। क्या ये सरकार प्रगतिशील कहलाने की अधिकारी है ?

बाबजी ने राजस्थान के मुख्य मंत्री हरिदेव जोशी से मिलकर अखिल भारतीय बावरी किसान महासभा के 2/12/1974 के पारित प्रस्तावो पर अपनी सहमति केन्द्र को भिजवाने के लिये बात की । बावरी समाज अत्यन्त पिछ़डा हुआ है और इसे अनुसूचित जाति-जन जाति में अतिशीघ्र लिया जाना चाहिए ।

इस सम्बन्ध में 9/11/1975 को आदिवासी बावरी किसानों का एक प्रतिनिधि मण्डल कृषि मंत्री भारत सरकार श्री जगजीवनराम जी से नई दिल्ली में संतजी के नेतृत्व में मिला । बावरी किसानों को आर्थिक,सामाजिक और राजनैतिक उत्थान के लिये इन्हें आरक्षण दिया जाना अतिआवश्यक है। पुलिस में हाजरी के विरूद्ध संतजी की प्रेरणा:

हाजरियां से दुखी बावरी,रात दिवस परेशान रहे,

पुलिस के डंडो की मार सेचमड़ी का नही घ्यान रहे ।।

चोरी करे नही कब ही, तो भी बावरी के मार पड़े,

ऐसी हाजरियां के कलंक से सारी जाति परेशान रहे ।।

योगी पूसानाथ की कृपा से, दयालनाथ जी ध्यान धरे,

महर्षि पूर्णानन्द जी से मिलकर,लाल भारती के साथ प्रस्थान करे,

जोधपुर सिद्वाश्रम में आकर संत लाडाराम वैद्य को निवेदन करे,

किस विध बंद हो हाजरियां ऐसा कोई इलाज करें ।

संतजी आप परमारथि पुरूष हो सरकार से संघर्ष करें

संत लाडाराम कहे सुनो दयालनाथ जी संगठन से महा दुःख दूर हुए पुलिस के खिलाफ संगठित करें

संतजी ऐसा कुछ प्रयास करें बावरियों को हाजरियों से मुक्त करें।

(नोट: बावरी को पंजाब में बावरिया,मेवाड़ में मोगियां और ढूढड़ में बोहरा भी कहते है।) बावरी समाज का सत्य नारायण भगवान मन्दिर पुष्कर:

पुष्कर में सत्यनारायण का मन्दिर बावरी समाज बनवा रहा था । इस मंदिर की प्राण प्रतिष्ठा 27/11/1974 को होनी थी । भंवरलाल बावरी मिस्त्री और स्वामी दयालनाथ जी को पुष्कर थानें में थानेदार ने 8/10/1974 को बुलाया और कहा कि भंवरलाल मिस्त्री को पुष्कर से निकाल दो नही तो स्वामी दयालनाथ जी को थाने में रहना पड़ेगा । भंवरलाल मिस्त्री मंदिर के निर्माण की पूरी देख-रेख कर रहा था । परेशान होकर वह संत लाडाराम के पास जोधपुर आया और पुष्कर थानेदार की मनमानी की शिकायत की ।

(बावरी समाज के पुष्कर में निर्माणाधीन श्री सत्यनारायण मंदिर के मुख्य द्वार पर श्री संत लाडाराम, श्री दयालनाथ जी महाराज व अन्य बावरी किसान कार्यकर्ताओं के साथ ।)

संतजी अजमेर गये और अजमेर एस.पी से 11/10/1974 को मिले व सारी बात विस्तार से बताई । इसके साथ संतजी एडिसनल कलेक्टर अजमेर से भी मिले । अजमेर प्रशासन और पुलिस से आदेश लेकर संतजी पुष्कर थानेदार के पास पहुंचे और तब जाकर मंदिर का कार्य पुनः शुरू हो सका ।

आजादी के 26 वर्ष बाद भी पुलिस का आंतक बावरी जाति पर है इससे संतजी बहुत दुखी हुये । हर बार उन्हें दुखों से संतजी ने ही उबारा ।

PUNJAB GOVERNMENT ISSUE THE VIMUKT JATTI RESVATION ISSUCEOF CASTE CERTIFICATE TO VIMUKTJATTIS WRITTING OF WORD FOR VIMUKT JATTIS THEIR WITH 49 NO. 10/1/96/2SCWI/7143 GOVERNMENT OF PUNJAB DEPARTMENT OF WELFARE (SPECIAL CELL WELFARE-1) To All Heads of Departments, Commissioners of Divisions, All Deputy Commisssioners, Registrar, Punjab and Haryana High Court, All Distt. Session Judges and Sub Divisional Officers in the State. Dated Chandigarh, the 6-9-96 Subject :- Issuance of caste certificate to Vimukat Jatis -writing of word 'Vimukat Jatis' therewith. Sir, I am directed to refer to the subject noted above and to state that a number of representations from the representatives of the Vimukat Jatis have been received by the Govt. wherein it has been stated that while issuing caste certificate to them, the Certificate Issuing Authorities do not write name of Vimukat Jatis in the Certificate, due to which they can not get priority under various schemes benefits to them. It has been desired by them that the word 'Vimukat Jatis' may also be mentioned while issuing caste certificate to them. State Government has considered this matter and has decided that the competent caste certificate issuing authorities will specifically indicate that these communities (list enclosed) belong to Vimukat Jatis while issuing the caste certificate to them. 2. In view of the above decision, you are requested to issue necessary instructions to the competant caste certificate issuing authorities that while indicating Scheduled Castes in the certificate, a word 'Vimukat Jatis" may be written in the brackets to the members belonging to these Vimukat Jatis. 3. Receipt of this communication may please be acknowledged. Sd/- Deputy Secretary Welfare.

LIST OF VIMUKAT JATIS INCLUDED IN THE SCHEDULED CASTES LIST OF PUNJAB STATE. 1. Bhangali 2. Brara 3. Bauria 4. Nat 5. Gandhila 6. Bazigar 7. Sansi (including the following sub castes) 1. Kuch hand 18. Behlowala 2. Bhedkut 19. Biddu 3. Manesh 20. Langeh 4. Gadria 21. Singiwala 5. Bachhbans 22. Kanjar 6. Kopet 23. Mirshkari 7. Aheria 24. Bhaginarmaur 8. Tettlu 25. Kingicut 9. Bheria 26. Dhe 10. Arhar 27. Kalkinar 11. Bhantu 28. Chaddi or Chadi 12. Chattu 29. Birtwal 13. Bhattu 30. Biharia 14. Habura 31. Pakhlwara 15. Kikan 32. Haddon 16. Harrar 33. Haria 17. Khola

147 No. 1/3/98-RC1/948 GOVERNMENT OF PUNJAB DEPARTMENT OF WELFARE (RESERVATION CELL) Dated Chandigarh the, 20th Dec., 2001. 1. All Heads of Departments in the State, 2. Commissioners of Divisions, 3. Deputy Commissioners of all Districts, 4. Sub-Divisional Magistrates of all Sub-Divisions in the State, 5. Registrar, Punjab & Haryana High Court. Subject :- Reservation for Vimukat Jatis and Bazigars. Sir, I am directed to invite your attention to the subject noted above and to say that Government has received many representations from organisations belonging to Vimukat Jatis/Bazigars demanding separate reservation in Govt. services. The matter has been carefully considered by Government. It has been decided that in direct recruitment to Government services, the posts left unfilled in the quotas reserved for Balmikis/Mazhbis, Scheduled Caste Ex-sevicemen and Scheduled Caste Sportsmen, will be reserved up to 2% for the Vimukat Jatis and Bazigars. If no candidate of the Vimukat Jatis/Bazigars is eligble, the said posts will then be filled by other Scheduled castes. 2. These instructions may please be brought to the notice of all concerned for strict compliance. 3. The receipt of this letter may please be acknowledged. Yours faithfully Sd/- Principal Secretary Welfare. A copy is forwarded to all the Financial Commissioners, Principal Secretaries and Administrative Secretaries to Govt. of Punjab with request that above instructions may kindly be complied with strictly. Sd/- Principal Secretary Welfare. To All the Financial Commissioners, Principal Secretaries and Administrative Secretaries to Govt. of Punjab. I.D. No.1/3/98-RC1/949 Dated Chandigarh the, 20th Dec., 2001 ___________

http://www.pbscbcef.com/pdf/1_mannual1-328.pdf

Bawariya From Wikipedia Bawaria Total population 200000 Regions with significant populations • India Languages • Hindi • Bagri Religion • Hinduism 100% Related ethnic groups • Gawaria • Baheliya •

The Bawariya are a Hindu caste found in the states of Haryana, Punjab and Uttar Pradesh in India. They have scheduled caste status in Punjab and Uttar Pradesh. In Punjab, they are known as Bauria.[1][2][3]

Contents

1 Origin 2 Present circumstances 3 See also 4 References

Origin

The word Bawariya is set to mean people who roam in Hindi. They are a semi-nomadic group scattered over North India. The Bawariya claim to be Rajputs from Chittor in Rajasthan. This is reflected in their clans, all of whom are well known Rajput clans. At present, the Bawariya are found in the districts of Meerut, Banda, Agra, Mainpuri and Muzaffarnagar in Uttar Pradesh and neighbouring state of Haryana. They speak Bawari among themselves, which is similar to Marwari.[1]

According to traditions in Punjab, the Bawaria or Bauria as they are also known get their name from the word baur, meaning a net. As a community that was involved in hunting, the community became known as the Bawariya, but they are, in fact, Rajputs. The Bauria are found mainly in the districts of Firupzur, as well as Bhatinda, Ludhiana and Sangrur.[4] Present circumstances

The Bawariya are strictly endogamous community, and practice the principle of clan exogamy. These clans are referred to as gotras, and their main gotras include the Chauhan, hada, badjurger, Dabas, Kohli, Solanki, Panwar, Dhandhara and Badhiyar. Each of these clans is of equal status, and intermarry.

The Bawariya are now mainly a community of marginal farmers. They produce wheat, peas, gram and now increasingly sugarcane. Some have also started rearing milch cattle and other animals. Many are still involved in hunting, particularly those settled in the Yamuna khadir. As a Dalit community, they often suffer from societal discrimination. They live in multi-caste villages, but occupy distinct quarters. Each of their settlement contains an informal caste council, known as a biradari panchayat. The panchayat acts as instrument of social control, dealing with issues such as divorce and adultery.[1]

The Bawaria in Haryana have nine sub-divisions, the Rajput, Gandalli, Ghumariya, Dhumree, Banswasee, Kapadia, Bidhoth and Delhiwala. They are said to have immigrated from Rajasthan, and many still speak the Bagri dialect. Among the nine sub-groups, the Rajput Bawaria are the largest, and do not intermarry with the other groupings. The second largest group are the Ghumariya Bawaria, who are a community of peasant farmers. While the Delhiwala are cattle rearers and traders, the Gandalli are labourers, the Kapadia are pedlars while the Dhumree are involved in the selling of folk medicines. Despite their traditional occupations, almost all the Bawaria are now employed as daily wage labour. Many are employed as village watchmen, an occupation that is hereditary among many Bawaria families. Although living in multi-caste villages, the Bawaria occupy their own quarters. [5] See also RAJSTHAN GOVT. IS APPROVED THA BAWARIA CASTE IS IN SCHDHULE TRIBE(ST) BUT PUNJAB GOVT. NE IS KO ABHI SC ME HI RESERVATION DIYA HAI PLZ ALL PUNJAB BAWARIA CASTE PEOPAL TO FORCE THE GOVT TO CHANGE THE ST CASTE Rajasthan's nomadic Bawaria tribe faces discrimination

India's nomadic tribes constitute some of the most backward groups in the country and often face the worst kind of discrimination

In several villages in Rajasthan's Alwar district, the homes of Bawarias, a former nomadic community, have been burnt down by residents who wish to oust them from the land they live on.

The Bawarias are traditionally hunters, gifted with a skill for capturing small animals. But, following the ban on hunting, imposed under an amendment to the Wildlife Act in 1993, the community lost its chief source of livelihood. Today, they are keen to lead a more settled existence and shake off their dubious reputation of being a criminal tribe.

But the Bawarias are finding the assimilation process difficult. They need land to settle on, shelter, a decent livelihood and, crucially, social acceptance. They are hounded by forest officials who throw them out of forestland, afraid they'll poach. And the villagers use every possible means from force to discrimination to drive them out of their villages, worried that the Bawarias will take over their lands.

In Rajasthan's Chillori village, Laxman's hut was set on fire and his wife Pirbi pushed into the blaze by their neighbours who belong to the dominant Ahir caste in the village. They wanted Laxman to vacate the land. "They pushed me and said don't let her run away, throw her into the fire, burn everything. Only then will they leave the land," recalls Pirbi.

Sadly, such harassment is not new to this Bawaria couple and others like them, as violence against the 30,000-strong community in Rajasthan is growing.

In Lila Manda neighbouring Chillori village, more Bawaria huts have been burnt down in an attempt to oust them from the village. "They kill our goats and beat our children," says Laxman.

In Chillori, strict social sanctions have been imposed on the Bawarias. The panchayat has refused them new ration cards in place of their old cards, which expired three years ago. They are even denied jobs and water. "They break our mud pots when we carry water. We have to take water at night," explains Pirbi.

Despite repeated appeals to the police, no action has been taken on their complaints. Members of the community believe this indifference stems from the fact that, till recently, the Bawarias wore the tag of a criminal tribe and were considered enemies of the law.

Source: NDTV, August 27, 2003 Govt tells India Inc to fix 5% job quota for SC/STs

With India Inc not being seen as having done enough about affirmative action over the last five years, the government plans to insist on a 5% reservation in jobs by the private sector for disadvantaged sections, particularly scheduled castes and scheduled tribes

The Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP), under Commerce and Industry Minister Anand Sharma, has told the corporate sector that companies benefiting from various government incentives may be asked to reserve about 5% of their employment needs for scheduled castes and scheduled tribes (SC/STs).

“We have asked the industry chambers -- the Confederation of Indian Industry, the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI), and the Associated Chambers of Commerce -- to submit their views on this suggestion,” a DIPP official told the media.

In May this year, Social Justice Minister Mukul Wasnik wrote to the prime minister seeking a review of the government’s efforts to persuade the private sector to take affirmative action. In his meeting with the Trade and Industry Council, the prime minister asked the corporate sector to chip in more to improve social inclusion.

“But their intervention is restricted to promoting employability through vocational training,” noted a government official. Ever since the previous United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government at the Centre promised to introduce job reservations in the private sector there have been negative reactions from some elite industry quarters.

The main intention of the job reservation policy is to assure empowerment of dalits who constitute around 16% of India’s population.

Clearly, none of the industry chambers want quota legislation although all acknowledge much more can be done for disadvantaged sections. “We reckon that the government is under political pressure to show tangible results on the affirmative action front. But reservation will endanger merit,” said a senior chamber executive.

Top executives in the three chambers, who did not wish to be quoted, said India Inc was better off without job quotas. “But we are not opposed to the idea of affirmative action -- improving prospects for disadvantaged sections in getting jobs,” said a senior FICCI executive.

Towards this end, each chamber adopted a district about six months ago based on DIPP’s recommendations. FICCI adopted Sonbhadra in Uttar Pradesh, CII, Naushera in Punjab, and Assocham Cooch Behar in West Bengal.

Incidentally, the Government of India made some attempt to get dalits reservation facilities in the private sector in 1965. But the move did not receive much support. The Indira Gandhi-led government also tried to proceed with reservations in 1972, but failed.

Post-globalisation, the condition of dalits became worse as the role of the public sector weakened. According to a report of the Working Group (Tenth Five-Year Plan, Planning Commission) on Empowering of SCs, 113,450 dalits lost their jobs, in 1992-97, in the central government (public sector) alone.

Source: The Indian Express, August 3, 2010 countercurrents.org, July 24, 2010

BOWRIES Bowdi or Bowri or Bowrie means community water reservoirs. The people who dig these reservoirs or wells seems to be known as Bowries. The Bauris, a semi-aboriginal tribe, were the earliest miners. .. and are still noted for their skill and hard work.

Bawdis or bavdis or bavris are traditionally constructed for storing water received from rainfall in the arid region of Rajasthan. bawadis are the traditional rainwater harvesting structures in Gujarat like johads, ponds and wells are in western UP.

It appears that some of the people belonging to this tribe use BOWRI as their surname. Kaikaree is also referred as Bowrie in Rajastan. The bowrie name is given by Rajputs who remained Marwar. Bowrie seems to be the name given to kaikarees because of their close relation with bhils. It could also possible that the bhils who dig bowries (water wells) came to be known as bowries. Bowrie is synonumous to a dacoit. Bowries were all basically related to Rajaputs at some point of time or the other. Those who came into power called themselves as Rajputs and others used to be known as bowries. The water wells dug by the bowrie people are also known as bowries. In Telugu, these bowries are known as bhavis. The water is fetched by going down the walkable steps. The water in bowries is always cool. Bhils and kolis are known as experts in water management.

Kaikadi => Kaikari = Kaikaree Kaikari = Bowri Bhil = bhoya = Bhoyi = Bhovi = bovi Bovi => Bowi => Bowri => Bowrie

The criminalization of certain tribes, for example, provided a means of controlling turbulent populations in the more inaccessible or 'lawless' parts of the subcontinent. According to these laws (most infamously the Criminal Tribes Act of 1871), tribes such as the Maghyar Doms in Bihar, the Kunjurs or Khangars in Bundelkund and the Ramosi, Mang, Kaikari or Bowrie tribes in the Narmada valley were described as habitually criminal, and adult male members of such groups forced to report weekly to the local police.

The national social folk dance of Rajasthan is the Ghoomar, danced by women in long full skirts and colorful chuneries. Especially spectacular are the Kacchi Ghori dancers of this region. Equipped with shields and long swords, the upper part of their bodies clothed in the traditional attire of a bridegroom and the lower part concealed by a brilliant-colored papier-mï¿½chï¿½ horse built up on a bamboo frame, they enact jousting contests at marriages and festivals. The Bawaris (Bowris), by tradition a criminal tribe that lives on the fringe of. society, are generally expert in this form of folk dance.

The word "Bav" is derived from Gujarati word "Baw or Bav" which means steps or staircase such as those found inside a deep well. Bavris were in the habit of storing the foods in such wells found on the roadside.

The Bavri were notified as a criminal tribe since early times and some of the erstwhile princely states in Saurashtra eg., Rajkot had issued notifications in 1917 about their criminal activities. They hail from Marwar. They claim that they were the Rajputs of Marwar and Mewar regions, but after the fall of Rajput kingdoms some of them took to a nomadic way of life and to criminal activities. They are also known as Babri or Baori also. They speak Gujarati with their neighbours but within the kin group, they speak in Marwariliberally mixed with Gujarathi. They use Gujarati script.

They are non-vegetarians. They egg, fish, mutton, and chicken Their staple foods are rice, wheat, jowar, maize along with various kinds of pulses and vegetables. They are fond of liquor which they purchase from market. They eat fruits very occassionally and as a special food they prepare sera ( wheat flour, gaggery, ginger, etc, boiled in water or milk ) to serve the expectant and latting mothers.

The bavri are an endogamous group having three occupational categories : Kapadia - those who sell garments, Magania - those who live begging and Chatania - those who live on begging and collecting or eating waste food. The community has exogamous clans, some of which are - Chauhan, Parmar, Dave, Solanki, Suryavanshi, Raghuvanshi, Chandravanshi, Bardihar, Rawat, etc. Their own perception is that they are Kshatriyas but other communities rank them as Sudra.

Spiegel says, "Bawri is doubtless Babylon. Bawri is a language of the Pardhi community. Pardhis belong to the great predatory bawari tribe of Gujerath, scattered under different appalations all over India. Known as a nomadic, predatory tribe, the Bawari still to this day make signs on houses, gates, or alongside the road that can only be read by their own tribe informing them of conditions in the area. Many of these same signs were used by the European Gypsies up to the 1950s.

Bawariya was a hunting and criminal tribe practically found only in Muzaffarnagar, and Mirzapur. The Bawariyas in North Western proviences seem to fall into two branches - those residant of upper Duab, who still retain some of their original customs and manners and those to the east, who assert a more respectable origin, and have abandoned their original predatory life. The Bawariyas of Sirsa are divided into four sections.

They attacked the fortress of Chithor and besieged it for twelve years for the sake of princessPadmini, the country became desolate and they were obliged to emigrate in search of employment and disperse. Those that came into the Delhi territory were called Bauris; those that went into Gwalior territory were called Mugins and Baguras. To the Eastward they were called Baddhiks, and in Malwa Haburas. They are not the people of yesterday; they are of ancient and illustrious descent. When Ravana took away the wife of the God Rama, and Rama wanted to recover her, men of all castes went to fight for him in the holy cause. Among the rest was a leader of Bauris called Pardhi.

It is claimed that the tribe known as Bathuris or Bauris have always been crypto-Buddhists and have preserved their ancient customs. The Bauris of Western Bengal appoint as their priests men of their own caste. The Bauris are a dominant Scheduled Caste of West Bengal.

The Bagdis and Bauris also worship Dharmaraj whose shrines are scattered all over Bengal. A low caste priest, even a Dom or a Bagdi usually worships Dharmaraj and as a rule a shapeless stone painted with vermilion and placed under a tree represents Dharmaraj. Dharmaraj is also worshipped very often in the form of a tortoise. It has been mentioned elsewhere that temples containing the emblem of tortoise are not uncommon. What is important is that pigs, fowls and ducks are sacrificed for Dharmaraj and offerings are made of rice, flowers, milk and even the home brewn intoxicant pachwai.

The nomad Bauris or Bawariyas, who caused coins to be counterfeited and committed robberies kept with them a small quantity of wheat and sandal seeds in a tin or brass case, which they called the Devakadana or god's grain, and a tuft of peacock's feathers.

There is an ancient fortess of Bowrie in Rajputana or Rajaputana. Bowris of Koraput district in Orissa do all miscellaneous jobs such as coolies, porters, rickshaw-pullers errand jobs, etc.

Bawariyas and Baheliyas who are actively involved in poaching of lions in Bhavnagar. There are about 15,000 Baheliyas and Bawariyas wanted in some forest crime or the other. The Baheliyas hail from Samalkha in Panipat district of Haryana and the Bawariyas are from Katni in Madhya Pradesh.

The Bawariyas are seemingly an aboriginal tribe and are dark in their skin complexion. Bawariyas have a special dialect, sometimes supposed to be a thieves.

Bavuris are a low class of Oriya basket-makers, living in Ganjam. They claim that palanquin (dhooly or duli) bearing is their traditional 6 occupation, and consequently call themselves Boyi. The Bavuris are apparently divided into endogamous sections, viz., Dulia and Khandi. The former regard themselves as superior to the latter, and prefer to be called Khodalo. Some of these have given up eating beef, call them selves Dasa Khodalos, and claim descent from one Balliga Doss, a famous Bavuri devotee, who is said to have worked wonders analogous to those of Nandan of the Paraiyan community. To this section the caste priests belong. The Bavuris gave the name of two gotras, saptha bhavunia and naga, which are said to be exogamous.

Bauri is a cultivating, earth-working, and palanquin-bearing caste of Western Bengal, whose features and complexion stamp them as of non-Aryan descent. Some belong to persecuted 'criminal tribes' such as the Bawariyas of Sariska. who see tiger poaching as a mostly risk-free investment for life.

Bauris are found in the Madras Presidency are nomad gangs of Bauris or Bawariyas1, 2 who are described as "one of the worst criminal tribes of India. The sphere of their operations extends throughout the length and breadth of the country. They not only commit robberies, burglaries and thefts, but also practice the art of manufacturing and passing counterfeit coins. They keep with them a small quantity of wheat and sandal seeds in a small tin or brass case, which they call Devakadana or God's grain, and a tuft of peacock's feathers, all in a bundle. They are very superstitious, and do not embark on any enterprise without first ascertaining by omens whether it will be attended with success or not. This they do by taking at random a small quantity of grains out of their Devakadana and counting the number of grains, the omen being considered good or bad according to whether the number of seeds is odd or even.

in punjab schdule caste list List of Scheduled Castes of Punjab State 1	Ad-Dharmi 2	Barar, Burar or Berar 3       	Bangali 4	Batwal 5	Bauria or Bewaria 6	Bazigar 7	Balmiki, Chura or Bhangi 8	Bhanjara 9	Chamar, Jatia Chamar, Rehgar, Raigar, Ramdasia or Ravidasia 10	Chanal 11	Dagi 12	Dhanak 13	Dumna, Mhasha or Doom 14	Darain 15	Deha, Dhaya, Dhea 16	Dhogri, Dhangri, Siggi 17	Gagra 18	Ganadhila or Gadeil 19	Kabirpanthi or Julaha 20	Khatik 21	Marija or Marecha 22	Kori or Koli 23	Mazhabi 24	Megh 25	Mochi 26	Nat 27	Od 28	Pasi 29	Parna 30       	Pherera 31	Sanhai 32	Sanhal 33	Sansoi 34	Sansi, Bhedkut or Manesh 35	Sapala 36	Sarera 37	Sikligar 38	Sirkiband 39	Raisikh, Mahatam