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Venous Thromboembolism(VTE)
A brief introduction for VTE in patients with malignancy.

==== Thromboembolism is a condition that can affect both arteries and veins, Ischemic stroke and ischemic heart disease are the leading forms of arterial thrombosis, while venous thromboembolism(VTE) involves deep venous thrombosis, which often affects lower limbs, and pulmonary embolism(PE)[1 ]. ==== VTE is a known complication among malignancy-associated cases, with a higher mortality rate contrasted with non-malignancy-associated ones[2 ]. People with cancer tend to experience a higher incidence of VTE recurrence and bleeding[3 ]. Cancer type, stage, and treatment, as well as patient profile, are factors that can influence the risk of VTE. In addition, these factors can also moderate the incidence of bleeding, mortality rates, and other complications in patients receiving systemic cancer therapy[4 ].

[1 ] Fuster V, Kovacic JC. Acute coronary syndromes: pathology, diagnosis, genetics, prevention, and treatment. Circ Res. 2014;114:1847–1851. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.114.302806 [2 ] Levitan N, Dowlati A, Remick SC, Tahsildar HI, Sivinski LD, Beyth R, Rimm AA. Rates of initial and recurrent thromboembolic disease among patients with malignancy versus those without malignancy. Risk analysis using Medicare claims data. Medicine (Baltimore). 1999 Sep;78(5):285-91. doi: 10.1097/00005792-199909000-00001. PMID: 10499070. [3 ] Hutten BA, Prins MH, Gent M, Ginsberg J, Tijssen JG, Büller HR. Incidence of recurrent thromboembolic and bleeding complications among patients with venous thromboembolism in relation to both malignancy and achieved international normalized ratio: a retrospective analysis. J Clin Oncol. 2000 Sep;18(17):3078-83. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2000.18.17.3078. PMID: 10963635. [4 ] Lyman GH, Culakova E, Poniewierski MS, Kuderer NM. Morbidity, mortality and costs associated with venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients with cancer. Thromb Res. 2018;164(suppl 1):S112-S118.