User:Ray3055/Notes

Poroshenko
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petro_Poroshenko seems to be some whitewashing and problems with not accepting Russian media as sources. No dates on issue with foreign reporters being banned - needs to be added. - no details on why - related to Kharkiv use of telephoto lenses etc? during organised press tours of site where plane was brought down? or earlier? Also details of BBC 'misreporting/lying' case where they lost in court - no indication of what sources they relied on?? No mention of banning of Russian cable TV channels. When were pensions for Donbass region stopped? UNHRC? reports? Bidens son issues?

KISBEE, Thomas (Naval Officer)
Inventor of the 'Kisbie ring' and 'breeches buoy'. Also 1st Lieutenant on board the HMSV Driver, which was the first steam paddle sloop to circumnavigate the world (1841-47). Thomas spent 1846-7 transporting Governor Grey around the North Island of New Zealand during the Maori Uprising. See also Kisbee Bay BORN 1792 FARCET,HUNTS.,ENGLAND DIED 1877 GREAT YARMOUTH, ENGLAND (Info provided by Judith Kisbee) [www.kisbee.co.uk]

Florence Nightingale
1859 first draft of her 'Notes... publication: 

Language issues
>>Hebrew and Arabic are still considered difficult research languages for stemming. English stemmers are fairly trivial (with only occasional problems, such as "dries" being the third-person singular present form of the verb "dry", "axes" being the plural of "axe" as well as "axis"); but stemmers become harder to design as the morphology, orthography, and character encoding of the target language becomes more complex. For example, an Italian stemmer is more complex than an English one (because of a greater number of verb inflections), a Russian one is more complex (more noun declensions), a Hebrew one is even more complex (due to nonconcatenative morphology, a writing system without vowels, and the requirement of prefix stripping: Hebrew stems can be two, three or four characters, but not more), and so on.<<

citation needed?? POV see for example Porter Snowball website for contradicting evidence.

Susan Hockey - "The most sensible way of dealing with the lemmatisation problem is to use what is known as a machine dictionary. This is in effect an enormous file containing one record for every word in the text or language. When a word is 'looked up' in the dictionary, its record will supply further information about that word such as its dictionary heading, its part of speech and also some indication if it is a homograph. The size of such a dictionary file can truly be enormous but it can be reduced for some languages if the flectional endings are first removed from the form before it is looked up. This is not so easy for English where there are so many irregular forms, but even removing the plural ending -s would reduce the number of words considerably. For a language like Latin, Greek or even German it is far more practical to remove endings before the word is looked up."

Information retrieval section- as at 26 Feb 19 this is awful
Stemmers are common elements in query systems such as Web search engines. The effectiveness of stemming for English query systems were soon found to be rather limited, however, and this has led early information retrieval researchers to deem stemming irrelevant in general. An alternative approach, based on searching for n-grams rather than stems, may be used instead. Also, stemmers may provide greater benefits in other languages than English.

. Hi I have added a 'dubious' tag in the Information Retrieval section. I would prefer not to edit myself (and in accordance with Conflict-of-interest editing on Wikipedia) since I have a conflict of interest, please see my talk page for COI statement User:Ray3055. I have previously limited recent editing on this page to the history section e.g the Paice paragraph and added details to the Lovins paragraph.

The Wikipedia policy for adding dubious tags is: The accuracy of a statement may be a cause for concern if: It is cited to sources that are old, out of date, or have since been called into question; It contains information which is ambiguous and open to interpretation, either due to grammar, or opinionated wording; or There are reliable sources supporting two or more different claims.

The sentence of concern is: "The effectiveness of stemming for English query systems were soon found to be rather limited, however, and this has led early information retrieval researchers to deem stemming irrelevant in general."

I believe this is misleading, someone not familiar with the methods used by early researchers such as Harman, might not be aware that for example Krovetz (1996) using the same test collection and similar methods came to a different conclusion. Hull also questioned the evaluation methods and proposed improved measures, and finally of course Pholmann and Savoy found very significant improvements in Dutch, Slovene etc. The paragraph needs to correctly quote what is in the cited documents, rather than give the impression that that is the status quo today. The current academic standing as far as I am aware is that 'stemming is almost always useful'. Outside of academia, no one today would have an e-commerce store with search that failed at the very least to show a customer the page on 'ladies shoes' if someone had just searched for a gift using 'shoe for a lady' as a simple example.

The Language Section also needs serious attention. There are no citations at all for the section. I am pretty certain that Mr Porter and the late July B Lovins and Chris Paice would not appreciate their important pioneering work on English stemmers being seen as trivial. The english example is pure OR, and the rest seems speculation. Please add citations or remove the OR nonsense, it is written from an English speakers perspective, someone fluent in Arabic with no knowledge of English would come to quite another conclusion. Try adding for example the opinion of Martin Porter from here:


 * WWW search doesn't need high recall, so needs very light stemming only - but Google, eBay etc use Rosette tools from BASIS
 * assertion "researchers to deem stemming irrelevant in general" is highly unlikely to say that in the cited book. Only Harman found no benefit (i.e. that extra relevant docs found = extra irrelevant docs found) - the method was F1 based ( equal weighting for recall and Precision) which is of dubious use; others - Krovetz did same experiment on same files and came to a different conclusion, Hull claimed that stemming is almost always beneficial. Users in legal area prefer high recall and can use own judgment to ignore or consider related facts found that mighthave a relevance they had not thought of.) need to locate refs to support this and later investigations of Harmans results.

Thunderstone Search Appliance
http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-97130092.html http://www.infoworld.com/archives/emailPrint.jsp?R=printThis&A=/article/04/10/15/42TCsearch_1.html - Review Google/Thunderstone

Thunderstone
''performance solutions for enterprise search, text mining, real-time alerting, web crawling/indexing, Internet publishing and information management to corporations, government agencies, on-line service providers and developers worldwide. Thunderstone's flagship product, TexisT, is the foundation of its entire product line. Texis, in one package, provides every full-text, SQL, multimedia management, and dynamic publishing operation needed to support an enterprise search application. Thunderstone's unique technology offers concept-based search, fast pattern matching, geographic searching, set logic, foreign language support and the ability to query structured and unstructured information. Thunderstone also offers the Thunderstone Search Appliance, an all-in-one, hardware, software, crawling, indexing and search solution based on its Texis technology. The Thunderstone Search Appliance is GSA Schedule 70 listed. ''

''Expansion Programs International, Inc. - Cleveland OHIO -(Thunderstone Software LLC), privately held - California corporation - founded in 1981 as EPI Inc. develops and markets a suite of software applications and tools that search, manage, filter and retrieve information.

Thunderstone's products are licensed to corporations, government agencies, on-line service providers, Internet publishers and developers worldwide.

From 1980-1995 most of Thunderstone's product licenses were embedded within OEM packages developed and sold by other organizations. Notable examples include, Wordperfect Corp., Dow Jones, C3 - Telos, The Japan Times, and Reality Software.

Since 1995, the increased popularity of Internet search technology has raised Thunderstone's profile in large single-site applications like those at eBay, Novell, Advance Publications, Pactel, Associated Press, Ziff-Davis, and Bill Gates' Corbis.''

List of search engines
A real mess of a list at present - needs a definition at top OR a description of what it is: "A list of Wikipedia articles about search engines, including web search engines, Meta search engines, Desktop search tools, and Web portals and vertical market websites that have a search facility for online databases.

Shorter Oxford English Dictionary (5th ed) - Computing: A program which searches for and identifies specified items in a database or network, esp. the Internet.

Baidu/Robin Lii
He was listed in CNN Money annual "50 people who matter now" in 2007.

"And even before Google did it, Baidu allowed advertisers to bid for ad space and then pay Baidu every time a customer clicked on an ad. " New York Times September 2006.

Also model appears to be pay for position - and not sponsored and listed seperatley like Google.

Google license AdWords technology?

Baidu/Shawn Wang
In December, 2007 Baidu became the first company from China to be included in the NASDAQ-100 index.

http://ir.baidu.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=188488&p=irol-newsArticle_Print&ID=1090264&highlight=

Shawn Wang joined Baidu (BIDU:baidu com inc )as CFO in September 2004; he'd previously been a partner at the accounting and consulting firm Pricewaterhouse Coopers. He helped lead the company through its successful initial public offering on NASDAQ in August 2005, and through its recent inclusion in the NASDAQ-100; making Baidu the first company from China to be included in the index.

He was named "CFO of the Year" by CFO Magazine in 2005.

Shawn Wang was appointed as an independent director on WuXi PharmaTech's (WX) Shanghai provider of outsourced drug-development services) Board of Directors in July, 2007 when the company was preparing its public listing on the New York Stock Exchange. During his brief tenure and as the Chairman of the Audit Committee, Shawn advised the company's management in particular areas of financial reporting, Sarbanes-Oxley Act compliance and investor relations.

He died in an accident while vacationing in China on Thursday December 27, 2007.

Analysts said Baidu would be able to avoid a crisis in the absence of Wang. "While employee sentiment is likely to be negative in the near term, we believe the business impact is not significant," said Dick Wei, a technology strategist with JPMorgan in Hong Kong, in a note Monday. Wei cited Baidu.com's senior management team and "solid" finance and human resources departments as capable of steering the firm through the transition ahead. "We remain positive of Baidu, the dominant market leader in China's online search market, which is still in an early growth stage," Wei said.

Baidu went public on Nasdaq in August 2005 at $27 a share; less than 21/2 years later, it's trading at nearly 15 times its IPO price.

Baidu said the CFO's duties would be assumed by the company's senior managers for now. JPMorgan said Haoyu Shen, Baidu's vice president of business operations, would likely succeed Wang in overseeing finance operations. JP Morgan maintained Baidu's share price target at $400.

Sohu
For the fiscal year ended 31 December 2007, Sohu.com Inc.'s revenues increased 41% to $188.9M. Net income increased 31% to $35M.

Computational Analysis
With its widespread use in Social Media such as Blogs, Facebook and Twitter the analysis of Hinglish using computers has become important in a number of Natural Language Processing applications like Machine Translation (MT) and Speech-to-Speech Translation.

Alongside Hinglish, Benglish is a term that has been used in academic papers to describe a mixture of Bangla (Bengali language) and English in academic papers, for example Benglish Verbs are described as a particular type of complex predicate, which consists of an English word and a Bengali verb e.g. /EksiDenT kOra/ ‘to have an accident’, /in kOra/ ‘to get/come/put in’ or /kOnfuz kOra/ ‘to confuse’.

Oxford Concordance Program
Redirect from OCP disambig. redirect (concordance program) to Concordancer

The Oxford Concordance Program (OCP) was first released in 1981 and was a result of a project started in 1978 by Oxford University Computing Services to create a machine independent text analysis program for producing word lists, indexes and concordances in a variety of languages and alphabets.

In the 1980's it was claimed to have been licensed to around 240 institutions in 23 countries.

History
OCP was designed and written in FORTRAN by Susan Hockey and Ian Marriott of Oxford Computing Services in the period 1979-1980 and it's authors acknowledged that it owed much to the earlier COCOA and CLOC (University of Birmingham) concordance systems.

During 1985-6 OCP was completely rewritten as version 2 to increase the efficiency of the program.

Concordancer
add: A number of concordancers have been published notably Oxford Concordance Program (OCP), a concordancer first released in 1981 by Oxford University Computing Service claims to be used in over 200 organisations worldwide.

CD Paice
Ruslan Mitkov, 2014

Blytt–Sernander system
N. Schrøder et al, 2004. 10,000 Years of Climate Change and Human Impact on the Environment in the Area Surrounding Lejre. Journal - TES vol. 3, no. 1, 2004

PDFsharp

 * Needs to be added to List of PDF software page in the Developer tools table - but needs a page first.

PDFsharp® is an open source .NET library for processing PDF files. It is written in C#. The library can be used to create, render, print, split, merge, modify, and extract text and meta-data of PDF files.

Features include, images with transparency (color mask, monochrome mask, alpha mask), font embedding and subsetting, graphical implementation based either on GDI+ or WPF.

CLOC
CLOC was a 1st generation general purpose text analyzer program produced at the University of Birmingham that could produce concordances as well as word lists and collocational analysis of text. First-generation concordancers were typically held on a mainframe computer and used at a single site; individual research teams would build their own concordancer and use it on the data they had access to locally, any further analysis was done by separate programs.

History
CLOC was written by Alan Reed in Algol 68-R which was available only on the ICT 1900 series of computer at that time. Perhaps because it was designed for use in a department of linguistics rather than by computer specialists it had the distinction of having a comparatively simple user interface, it also has some useful features for studying collations or the co-occurrence of words.

CLOC was used in the COBUILD project that was headed by Professor John Sinclair.

Lou Burnard

 * link from Text Encoding Initiative Oxford Text Archive British National Corpus
 * link also from CLOC refs.

Need image:

The OTA was founded by Lou Burnard and Susan Hockey of Oxford University Computing Services (OUCS) in 1976, initially as the Oxford Archive of Electronic Literature. It is thought to be one of the first archives of digital academic textual resources to collect and distribute materials from other research centres. The OTA continued to be hosted by OUCS (which became subsumed into IT Services[2] in 2012), and in November 2016, the OTA found a new home in the Bodleian Library.[3]

1994 TEI P3 released[24] co-edited by Lou Burnard (at Oxford University) and Michael Sperberg-McQueen (then at the University of Illinois at Chicago, later at the W3C).

Personal Life
Mr. Zamora has been interested in astronomy since childhood when his father helped him build a refracting telescope. (ref??) During retirement, he has completed massive open online courses in astronomy, geology and paleobiology. He regularly attends the seminars of the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism at the Carnegie Institution of Washington.(ref??)

Hematology
moved a couple of non inline refs to a new Further Reading section content on education etc seems to be USA related only?? no refs from where it comes from. Will try to add some historical facts
 * This article is missing information about historical information. (June 2018)

James E Rush
https://prabook.com/web/james_edward.rush/361786 James Edward Rush, American information scientist. Member of American Chemical Society (chairman division of chemical literature 1973), American Society for Information Science and Technology (president 1994-1995, general chairman 1980-1982). https://www.thriftbooks.com/a/james-e-rush/1247142/

Background
Rush, James Edward was born on July 18, 1935 in Warrensburg, Missouri, United States. Son of Alexander Edward Rush and Verna Lavena Pollock.

Education
Bachelor of Science in Chemistry and Mathematics, Central Missouri State University, 1957. Doctor of Philosophy, University of Missouri, 1962.

Career
1952-1960. With Army National Guard. 1962—1965 Assistant editor, organic index editing department Chemical Abstracts Service, Columbus, Ohio. 1965—1967 Assistant head, chemical information procedures department. 1965—1967 Assistant professor, computer and information science The Ohio State University, Columbus, 1967—1968 Adjunct professor, library and information science University of Illinois, Illinois. 1969—1973 Associate professor, computer and information science, 1973—1985 Adjunct professor, computer and information science,

1969—1988 Technical liaison officer. , 1980—1983 President James E. Rush Associates, Inc., Powell, Ohio,

1988—1999 Executive director PALINET, Philadelphia. Adjunct professor, college of information science and technical Drexel University, since 2000.

Director research and development Online Computer Library. Center, Inc., Dublin, 1973—1980. Director of research Online Computer Library. Center, 1980; adjunct professor, library and information science University of South Florida, Tampa, 1992—1997. Delaware, Pennsylvania governor's conference on library and information services Office of the Governor, Harrisburg, 1990. Chair, board of directors Pennsylvania Preservation Consortium, Philadelphia.

Member of American Chemical Society (chairman division of chemical literature 1973). American Society for Information Science and Technology (president 1994-1995, general chairman 1980-1982).

Knowledge Organization

 * needs inline refs

Morphology (linguistics)
impenetrable article first para! Needs most of it put into the body in different sections. was hoping to use stuff from here for the stemming article, but it's a mess.

Flag of Fuerteventura
The flag of Fuerteventura is in proportions 1:2, divided vertically, green to the hoist and white to the fly end, with the coat of arms of the island in the centre.

Coat of Arms
The coat of arms of Fuerteventura was prescribed by a Decree adopted on 15 October 1998 by the Government of the Canary Islands and published on 11 November 1998 in the official gazette of the Canary Islands, No. 142, pp. 13,432-13,433. It was adopted on 24 April 1998 by the Island Council and validated on 18 September 1998 by the Heraldry Commission of the Canary Islands.

The heraldic description is "per pale and per fess. First, gules, a castle or, masoned sable, its gate and windows azure. Second, argent, lion gules, crowned, armed and langued or. Third, silver, three fesses chequy gules and or, in four rows, each one charged with a fess or. Bordure gules, with eight saltires or. Ensigned with a royal crown, open."

According to José Manuel Erbez (Banderas y escudos de Canarias, 2007;, the coat of arms is based on the arms of the island's provincial militia. The upper quarters represent Castile (symbolized by a castle) and León (symbolized by a lion). The lower quarter alludes to the Saavedra family; various members of this family were lords of Fuerteventura.

Peter Bielkowicz
only one ref and the url is broken! needs citations. AFIT needs to go after full name, since used elsewhere with no explanation. Professor Bielkowicz joined the faculty of the Air Force Institute of Technology School of Engineering in July 1953 as an Assistant Professor.

https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/AD0832511

Associate Fellow AIAA (on 1966 and 1947 papers below) Professor of Aero-space Engineering AFIT "

From Polish Wikipedia
Piotr Bielkowicz (born February 1, 1902 in Kiev, died on September 30, 1993) - Polish aviation engineer, participant of the Apollo program.

He was the son of a general of the tsarist army. During the World War, he and his family were evacuated deep into Russia. He worked in a coal mine for some time. After repatriation to Poland, he began studies at the University of Vilnius. In 1930 he obtained a master's degree in philosophy in the field of mathematics. Then he studied at the École Superieure de l'Aeronautique in Paris, where he obtained the title Ingenieur Civil de l'Aeronautique in 1933. École nationale supérieure de l'aéronautique et de l'espace In the years 1933-1939 he worked in the Polish aviation industry. He made aerodynamic and strength calculations for PZL P.11 and PZL P.24 aircraft.

At the beginning of the Second World War he made his way to France, and after the Germans entered, he continued to walk through the Pyrenees to Spain, where he spent two years in prison from March 1941 to January 1943. In March 1943 he arrived in Great Britain and began working in Polish aviation.

In 1946-1947 he published six articles in Aircraft Engineering titled "Evolution of Energy in Jet and Rocket Propulsion." In 1947-1951 he lectured at the Polish college university in London and worked in the British aviation industry, in 1951 he went to the United States and began lecturing at Brown University.

From July 1953, he lectured at the Air Force Institute of Technology as Assistant Professor, from 1954 as Associate Professor and from 1959 as Professor. He participated in the design of LM Lunar Module and reusable spacecraft rockets.

He also collaborated with the Allison Division of General Motors and the Boeing Aircraft Company in the design of the lunar lander

In 1972 he retired, but remained active as Professor Emeritus of Aeronautical Engineering.

Publications

 * P. Bielkowicz, R. C. Horrigan and R. C. Walsh. "Manual onboard methods of orbit determination", Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 8, No. 3 (1971), pp. 284-289. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.30261
 * P. Bielkowicz. "Ground tracks of earth-period /24-hr/ satellites." AIAA Journal, Vol. 4, No. 12 (1966), pp. 2190-2195. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.3875
 * P. Bielkowicz, A.F.R.Ae.S., (1947) "The Evolution of Energy in Jet and Rocket Propulsion", Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, Vol. 19 Issue: 1, pp.19-26, https://doi.org/10.1108/eb031459

Martin Porter
MP is .. co-founder with John Snyder of Grapeshot, John Snyder is listed as CEO and Martin Porter is listed as Chief Scientist. Grapeshot took £250,000 in UK government subsidies and subsequently raised £16m from UK investors.

Manby Mortar
Someone has added an off topic para without any separate heading. Presumably to show an earlier (unsuccessful) method - ship to shore. Could remove as off topic but maybe better to add a sub heading for earlier methods like in the Manby bio article:

Earlier attempts
There had been earlier unsuccessful attempts at similar ideas, for example: "By the French agronomist and inventor Jacques Joseph Ducarne de Blangy and a ship to shore idea ---

Tony McEnery
https://www.lancaster.ac.uk/linguistics/about-us/people/tony-mcenery

Julie Beth Lovins
Julie Beth Lovins Contains some garbage: "Compared to other stemmers, Lovins' algorithm is fast and equipped to handle unconventional plural words like person and people. However, one disadvantage is that its running time is long and it consumes a lot of data. Furthermore, it is ineffective at forming words from the stems and matching stems that are similar in meaning.[23][21]"


 * its running time is long and it consumes a lot of data - wtf??
 * it is ineffective at forming words from the stems and matching stems that are similar in meaning - ??for example??

need to check dates of the Indian papers, and sources. A Comparative Study of Stemming Algorithms Department of Computer Science & Engineering The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda
 * [21] ref is just a blog geeks-for-geeks that copies from Wikipedia mostly. Bad source.
 * [23] is from an Indian uni and is full of errors, it also contains whole paras from another paper from an Indian uni - need to check it out further - this is where the garbage comes from and geeks for geeks is just a copy of what was in Wikipedia!!
 * This is what the [23] ref actually says:
 * Anjali Ganesh Jivani et al, Int. J. Comp. Tech. Appl., Vol 2 (6), 1930-1938

"The advantages of this algorithm is it is *very fast* and can handle removal of double letters in words like ‘getting’ being transformed to ‘get’ and also handles many irregular plurals like – mouse and mice, index and indices etc. Drawbacks of the Lovins approach are that it is *time and data consuming*. Furthermore, many suffixes are not available in the table of endings. It is sometimes highly unreliable and frequently fails to form words from the stems or to match the stems of like-meaning words. The reason being the technical vocabulary being used by the author. " -- none of this has a citation, so presumably is the opinion of the author, but no examples are given - really just tosh.

"Time consuming" is inconsistent with the statement that is *very fast*
 * data consuming* - presumably means the fact that the table needs to be stored and read somewhere - memory to make it fast compared with stored on disk, but so what? the table is very small.

Here is another Indian academic paper: IJARCSSE Volume 6, Issue 2, February 2016 ISSN: 2277 128X International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering Research Paper Available online at: www.ijarcsse.com Applications of Stemming Algorithms in Information Retrieval- A Review Rakesh Kumar * , Vibhakar Mansotra Department of Computer Science & IT, University of Jammu, India Lovins(1968) developed the first stemmer, it performs a lookup on a table of 294 endings, 29 conditions and 35 transformation rules, which have been arranged on a longest match principle. The Lovins stemmer removes the longest suffix from a word and once the ending is removed, the word is recoded using a different table that makes various adjustments to convert these stems into valid words. It always removes a maximum of one suffix from a word, due to its nature as single pass algorithm. The advantages of this algorithm is, it is very fast and can handle removal of double letters in words like „getting‟ being transformed to „get‟ and also handles many irregular plurals like – mouse and mice, index and indices etc. Drawbacks of the Lovins approach are that it is time and data consuming. Furthermore, many suffixes are not available in the table of endings. It is sometimes highly unreliable and frequently fails to form words from the stems or to match the stems of like-meaning words. The reason being the technical vocabulary being used by the author[9].

TODO TALK:

The Lovins Stemming Algorithm
I have removed from the last para: "However, one disadvantage is that its running time is long and it consumes a lot of data." I have also edited "Furthermore, it is ineffective at forming words from the stems and matching stems that are similar in meaning.[23]" to read - "Disadvantages are many suffixes are not available in the table of endings. It is sometimes highly unreliable and frequently fails to form words from the stems or to match the stems of like-meaning words. The reason being the technical vocabulary being used by the author."

Ref [23] actually states: "The advantages of this algorithm is it is very fast and can handle removal of double letters in words like ‘getting’ being transformed to ‘get’ and also handles many irregular plurals like – mouse and mice, index and indices etc. Drawbacks of the Lovins approach are that it is time and data consuming. Furthermore, many suffixes are not available in the table of endings. It is sometimes highly unreliable and frequently fails to form words from the stems or to match the stems of like-meaning words. The reason being the technical vocabulary being used by the author. " (From IJCTA | NOV-DEC 2011 Anjali Ganesh (The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda)

Here is another quote from a different Indian University paper in 2016: "The advantages of this algorithm is, it is very fast and can handle removal of double letters in words like „getting‟ being transformed to „get‟ and also handles many irregular plurals like – mouse and mice, index and indices etc. Drawbacks of the Lovins approach are that it is time and data consuming. Furthermore, many suffixes are not available in the table of endings. It is sometimes highly unreliable and frequently fails to form words from the stems or to match the stems of like-meaning words. The reason being the technical vocabulary being used by the author" (From IJARCSSE Volume 6, Issue 2, February 2016. Applications of Stemming Algorithms in Information Retrieval- A Review. Rakesh Kumar, Vibhakar Mansotra (Department of Computer Science & IT, University of Jammu, India)

Yes, the wording in both papers is identical. The second paper actually bothers to give a citation for this information, it is [9] J. B. Lovins, “Development of a stemming algorithm,” Mechanical Translation and Computer Linguistic., vol.11, no.1/2, pp. 22-31, 1968.

However, in the original Lovins paper it simply states: "The obvious disadvantage to this method is that it requires generating all possible combinations of affixes. A second disadvantage is the amount of storage space the endings require."

Since both these papers and others agree that the method is very fast, the 'time consuming' or 'time to generate all possible combinations', or 'its running time is long' criticisms seems to be nonsense; although in 1968 the storage space to hold such a small table might have been an issue, in 2019 it's not an issue, if indeed the 'data consuming' criticism was referring to this.

The paper from IJCTA | NOV-DEC 2011 Anjali Ganesh - makes no such reference to "it is ineffective at forming words from the stems and matching stems that are similar in meaning" that is why I have removed it; It gives no citation for the "many suffixes are not available in the table of endings. It is sometimes highly unreliable and frequently fails to form words from the stems or to match the stems of like-meaning words. The reason being the technical vocabulary being used by the author", however, I believe this is based on earlier papers of others* that the author has simply overlooked to cite. For now, at least the Wikipedia entry has an academic reference albeit a very poor quality one.


 * for example at http://snowball.tartarus.org/algorithms/lovins/stemmer.html it states: "The design of the algorithm was much influenced by the technical vocabulary with which Lovins found herself working" and "The subject term list may also have been slightly limiting in that certain common endings are not represented..."

=
==========from http://snowball.tartarus.org/algorithms/lovins/stemmer.html============================ The first ever published stemming algorithm was: Lovins JB (1968) Development of a stemming algorithm. Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, 11: 22-31. Julie Beth Lovins’ paper was remarkable for the early date at which it was done, and for its seminal influence on later work in this area.

The design of the algorithm was much influenced by the technical vocabulary with which Lovins found herself working (subject term keywords attached to documents in the materials science and engineering field). The subject term list may also have been slightly limiting in that certain common endings are not represented (ements and ents for example, corresponding to the singular forms ement and ent), and also in that the algorithm's treatment of short words, or words with short stems, can be rather destructive.

The Lovins algorithm is noticeably bigger than the Porter algorithm, because of its very extensive endings list. But in one way that is used to advantage: it is faster. It has effectively traded space for time, and with its large suffix set it needs just two major steps to remove a suffix, compared with the eight of the Porter algorithm.

The Lovins stemmer has 294 endings, 29 conditions and 35 transformation rules. Each ending is associated with one of the conditions. In the first step the longest ending is found which satisfies its associated condition, and is removed. In the second step the 35 rules are applied to transform the ending. The second step is done whether or not an ending is removed in the first step.

For example, nationally has the ending ationally, with associated condition, B, ‘minimum stem length = 3’. Since removing ationally would leave a stem of length 1 this is rejected. But it also has ending ionally with associated condition A. Condition A is ‘no restriction on stem length’, so ionally is removed, leaving nat.

The transformation rules handle features like letter undoubling (sitting -> sitt -> sit), irregular plurals (matrix and matrices), and English morphological oddities ultimately caused by the behaviour of Latin verbs of the second conjugation (assume / assumption, commit / commission etc). Although they are described as being applied in turn, they can be broken into two stages, rule 1 being done in stage 1, and either zero or one of rules 2 to 35 being done in stage 2.

Syd Bauman
Title: XML Programmer-Analyst Department: Digital Scholarship Group Phone: (617) 373-7339 Location: 213 Snell Library s.bauman@northeastern.edu

Syd Bauman is the Programmer/Analyst for the Women Writers Project, where he has worked since 1990, designing and maintaining a significantly extended TEI-conformant DTD for encoding early printed books. He also serves as the North American Editor of the Text Encoding Initiative Guidelines. He has an AB from Brown University in political science and has worked as an Emergency Medical Technician since 1983.

OSIS gives particular attention to encoding overlapping markup, because Bibles exhibit such markup frequently, for example verses crossing paragraph boundaries and vice versa. The OSIS schema introduced a method for encoding overlap in XML, known as Trojan milestones, or "Clix".

[SI] Bauman, S., introduction to Sperberg-McQueen, C. M. “Runways, product differentiation, snap-together joints, airplane glue, and switches that really switch”, the closing keynote address at Extreme Markup Languages 2004 http://www.mulberrytech.com/Extreme/Proceedings/xml/2004/Sperberg-McQueen02/EML2004Sperberg-McQueen02.xml#id2610845

Bauman, Syd; Catapano, Terry (1999). “TEI and the encoding of the physical structure of books.” Computers and the Humanities 33 (1999): 113-127.

One Document Does it all ("ODD") is a literate programming language for XML schemas.

Names Proper and Improper: Applying the TEI to the Classification of Proper Nouns Article in Computers and the Humanities 31(4):285-300 · July 1997 DOI: 10.1023/A:1001066508011

Harold Short
Harold Short is ... https://www.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/who-we-are/professor-harold-short/ Armenian cemetery in Julfa

Education & Career
undergraduate in English and French at a university in the former Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe). After arriving in London in 1972 he took an Open University degree in mathematics, computing and systems. postgraduate certificated in education. In the UK he worked at the BBC as programmer, systems analyst and then systems manager. In 1988 he moved to King's College London to take up the post of Assistant Director in Computing Services for Humanities and Information Management.

Harold Short recounts that his interest in Computing and the Humanities goes back to when he was an undergraduate in English and French at a university in the former Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe). There, whilst undertaking summer work in the library, he saw first-hand the potential of digital methods. After arriving in London in 1972 he took an Open University degree in mathematics, computing and systems. Among his early influences he identifies the reading he did on matters related to cognitive science whilst undertaking a postgraduate certificated in education. In the UK he worked at the BBC as programmer, systems analyst and then systems manager. In 1988 he moved to King's College London to take up the post of Assistant Director in Computing Services for Humanities and Information Management. One of his first tasks was to work with the Humanities Faculty to develop an undergraduate programme in humanities and computing. The first digital humanities conference he attended was the first joint international conference of ALLC and ACH, held at the University Toronto in 1989, which c. 450 people attended. He reflects on aspects of the institutional shape of the field towards the end of the 1980s, including the key Centres that existed then, the first meeting of the Association for Literary and Linguistic Computing (ALLC) and those who were active in it such as Roy Wisbey, Susan Hockey and the late Antonio Zampolli. He gives a detailed discussion of the development of what is now the Department of Digital Humanities in King's College London, both in terms of the administrative and institutional issues involved, as well as the intellectual. He also reflects on some of the most successful collaborations that the Department has been involved in, for example, the AHRC funded Henry III Fine Rolls project, and the conditions and working practices that characterised them. He closes by discussing his impressions about the movement of scholars into and out of the discipline and of the institutional issues that have had an impact on digital humanities centres.

https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/persons/harold-short(0426328d-ff7b-4536-aeff-6cebdbebbecc)/publications.html

Fifty Years of Prosopography: The Later Roman Empire, Byzantium and Beyond. Proceeding of the British Academy (2003).9780197262924 https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=2jJXudnr-4sC&pg=PA155&dq=harold+short&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjR1-6ayengAhVuRxUIHSRvB0Q4ChDoAQhFMAU#v=onepage&q=harold%20short&f=false

https://tei-c.org/Vault/consortium.html

https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/persons/harold-short(0426328d-ff7b-4536-aeff-6cebdbebbecc)/biography.html Research interests Project management, databases, text mark-up and electronic publishing, computing in historical studies, digital library research. Editorial activity Digital Research in the Arts and Humanities (Journal) Harold Short (Editor) 2008 → … LLC (Journal) Harold Short (Editorial board member) 2004 → … Participation in conference U of Leipzig Harold Short (Keynote/plenary speaker) Jul 2009 → … Humboldt U, Berlin Harold Short (Keynote/plenary speaker) Jul 2009 → … U of Virginia Harold Short (Keynote/plenary speaker) Jul 2009 → … U of Cambridge Harold Short (Keynote/plenary speaker) May 2009 → … U of Umea, Sweden Harold Short (Keynote/plenary speaker) May 2009 → … U of Hamburg Harold Short (Keynote/plenary speaker) Apr 2009 → … Emory U, Atlanta, USA Harold Short (Keynote/plenary speaker) Apr 2009 → … U of Virginia Harold Short (Keynote/plenary speaker) Jul 2008 → … U of Debrecen, Hungary Harold Short (Keynote/plenary speaker) Nov 2007 → … U of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Harold Short (Keynote/plenary speaker) Jun 2007 → … U of Uppsala, Sweden Harold Short (Keynote/plenary speaker) May 2007 → … Birkbeck Harold Short (Keynote/plenary speaker) Mar 2007 → … Birkbeck Harold Short (Keynote/plenary speaker) 2006 → … U de Castilla-La Mancha Harold Short (Keynote/plenary speaker) 2006 → … British Academy Harold Short (Keynote/plenary speaker) 2006 → … Spence, Ciula, Short: ‘Literatures, Languages and Cultural Heritage in a digital world’, CLiP 2006 conference (Computers, Literature & Philology), London Harold Short (Organiser) 2006 → … Cambridge Harold Short (Keynote/plenary speaker) 2005 → … U of Sydney Harold Short (Keynote/plenary speaker) 2005 → … Monash U, Melbourne Harold Short (Keynote/plenary speaker) 2005 → … Institute for Historical Research Harold Short (Keynote/plenary speaker) 2005 → … Birkbeck Harold Short (Keynote/plenary speaker) 2003 → … U de Castilla-La Mancha Harold Short (Keynote/plenary speaker) 2003 → … the European Language Resources Association Harold Short (Organiser) 2002 → … Institute of Romance Studies Harold Short (Keynote/plenary speaker) 2001 → … U of Newcastle, NSW Harold Short (Keynote/plenary speaker) 2001 → … U of Sydney Harold Short (Keynote/plenary speaker) 2001 → … Monash U, Melbourne Harold Short (Keynote/plenary speaker) 2001 → … Birkbeck Harold Short (Keynote/plenary speaker) 2001 → … British Academy Harold Short (Keynote/plenary speaker) 2000 → … Show more... Types of External academic engagement - Membership of external research organisation Steering Committee of the Alliance of Digital Humanities Organisations Harold Short (Chair) 2008 → 2010 Secretary, Steering Committee of the Alliance of Digital Humanities Organisations Harold Short (Member) 2006 → 2008 TEI Consortium Harold Short (Member) 1998 → 2002 Association for Literary and Linguistic Computing (ALLC) Harold Short (Chair) 1997 → 2010 Association for Literary and Linguistic Computing (ALLC) Harold Short (Treasurer) 1994 → 1997

https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/persons/harold-short(0426328d-ff7b-4536-aeff-6cebdbebbecc)/projects.html

Antonio Zampolli
Link from European Language Resources Association

also a ref for Busa page http://www.historyofinformation.com/detail.php?entryid=2321

Antonio Zampolli (1937-2003), together with Roberto Busa, is considered one of the pioneers of computational linguistics in Italy and internationally. In 1978 he founded the Institute of Computational Linguistics (ILC) in Pisa, one of the major research centers of the sector in Italy

Biografia
He graduated in Classical Literature at the University of Padua in 1960 with a thesis on mathematical linguistics (Studies of linguistic statistics performed with IBM systems), he concentrated his research activity in the field of computational linguistics. [3][4]

He became Professor of Computational Linguistics at the University of Pisa, in 1968 he founded and directed the Linguistic Division of the CNUCE, this transformed in 1978 into the Institute of Computational Linguistics (ILC) of the National Research Council (CNR), which now bears his name. [2]

His main research interests were computational lexicology and lexicography, computer assisted language teaching, formal grammars and parsers, literary and linguistic textual analysis, machine translation, multimedia, multilingualism, quantitative linguistics, the reuse of lexical resources, standards for the processing of literary and linguistic data, the elaboration of the text. [2]

He died in 2003, victim of a home fire. [1]

After graduating in Mathematical Linguistics, in 1960 he starts working with Father R. Busa S. J. at the Centro per l’Automazione dell’Analisi Linguistica (CAAL) of Gallarate (Milan), as the coordinator of the operations of electronic examination of the collected works by S. Tommaso d'Aquino.

In 1968 he becomes the Director of the Linguistics Division of the Centro Nazionale Universitario di Calcolo Elettronic (CNUCE) in Pisa and in 1969 he starts teaching Computational Linguistics (previously called Mathematical Linguistics) at Pisa University.

In 1980 he founded the first Italian scientific institute entirely dedicated to research in the field of Computational Linguistics: the Institute for Computational Linguistics (ILC) of the Italian National Research Council (CNR), which he directed until his death (on August 22, 2003) and that now bears his name.

La ricerca e le opere
Zampolli fu particolarmente attivo nell'organizzare e dirigere incontri per stabilire nuovi paradigmi di ricerca. Da questi incontri e conferenze scaturiscono resoconti dettagliati delle sue ricerche. In altre pubblicazioni, si occupò direttamente delle applicazioni del calcolatore alle ricerche umanistiche e letterarie e dell'uso di modelli matematici nella linguistica. Gli argomenti trattati nelle sue opere fanno riferimento a:
 * indagini statistiche: compilazione di liste, indici o ricerche statistiche in genere
 * elaborazione di sistemi sintattici e modelli di acquisizione del linguaggio
 * trattamento automatico del contenuto del linguaggio
 * traduzione automatica
 * lessicografia e lessicologia computazionale
 * filologia computazionale

Main works

 * A. Zampolli, Linguistica, Matematica e Calcolatori: Convegno estiva international d'elaborazione elettronica di dati linguistici e letterare. 1st.(1970)
 * A. Zampolli, Linguistica matematica e calcolatori: atti, Vol. 28. LS Olschki, 1973

Renee Pohlmann
Conference Chairs - EACL Conference - final col local arrangement chairs 1993	Utrecht, The Netherlands		Steven Krauwer, Michael Moortgat, Louis des Tombe	Renee Pohlmann

Sonocent
Sonocent produces Audio Notetaker, desktop software that turns audio into visual blocks; notes can then be structured using colored highlighting, bring everything together with slides and text notes. The software is used by over 22,000 students and 328 institutions in North America, over 120,000 through the UK Disabled Students Allowance (DSA) scheme, and 44 UK universities and colleges. The company also publishes a companion app Sonocent Recorder for iOS and Android.

History
In 2005 Dr Roger Tucker had an idea for a software application to help students with disabilities to take better notes. This was aimed at students with disabilities like dyslexia who found note taking difficult to the point of affecting their attainment and often relied on lengthy digital recordings for note-taking. He founded Sonocent and in 2007 Audio Notetaker was launched. The software was recommended to students through the Disabled Students Allowance (DSA) scheme in the UK.

In 2014 Sonocent was an Educational Resource Awards (ERA) winner and in 2015 it won the BETT IT Company of the Year (Under £1m turnover) award, it was also in the 2018 Northern Tech Awards Top 100.

It was featured in The Parliamentary Review (Technology)2017/18.

Educational Resource Awards (ERA)
link from Mantra Lingua and Sonocent

TO DO

 * 2 March 2019 rewrite/neutral - add more 3rd party refs
 * 3 March 2019 page was speedily deleted. G11, G12 fixed copyright but no time to add third party or history etc. Looks like the events company that run it have a poor understanding of importance of in-depth info on website for press and media - no 'backgrounders',no lists of past winners, no history, no mention of people involved in judging. Seems dubious as having any real notability - could not find any mention by BBC etc online. Only sources seem to be past recipients, using the same words as on the ERA website. Also logo uses the term Education resources, whilst winners seem to use phrase Educational Resources.
 * don't waste time re writing - but this leaves some broken inbound links to a non existant article - so perhaps another will try a re-write.

Roy Wisbey
link from European Association for Digital Humanities

Dean Pountney
http://www.people.vcu.edu/~christie/lab/folks/past/pountneyd.html Postdoctoral associate; Feb. 1997 - August 1997

Presently: Assistant Professor, School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia

Contact: d.pountney@griffith.edu.au

Dean Louis Pountney of Griffith University, Brisbane with expertise in: Biochemistry. Experience Griffith University Senior Lecturer Company NameGriffith University Dates EmployedJan 2005 – Present Employment Duration14 yrs 3 mos Leader, Neurodegeneration Lab Discipline Lead, Biochemistry

Flinders University Postdoctoral Fellow/Lecturer Company NameFlinders University Dates EmployedSep 2000 – Dec 2004 Employment Duration4 yrs 4 mos LocationAdelaide, Australia Multiple system atrophy, Parkinson's disease, Spinocerebellar ataxia

CSIRO Scientist Company NameCSIRO Dates EmployedMay 1998 – Sep 2000 Employment Duration2 yrs 5 mos LocationAdelaide, Australia Zinc finger protein

University of Minnesota Postdoctoral Fellow Company NameUniversity of Minnesota Dates EmployedFeb 1997 – Apr 1998 Employment Duration1 yr 3 mos LocationGreater Minneapolis-St. Paul Area Metallothioneins

University of Adelaide Postdoctoral Fellow Company NameUniversity of Adelaide Dates EmployedJan 1995 – Dec 1996 Employment Duration2 yrs LocationBiochemistry Department Zinc finger transcription factors

Show 1 more experience Education University of East Anglia University of East Anglia Degree NameDoctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) Field Of StudyBiochemistry Dates attended or expected graduation 1987 – 1990

Lipoxygenase enzyme structure and function

Andreas von Bechtolsheim
Article 'early life' seems suspect - says age 16 used 8008 to build a micro-controller. 8008 wasn't in Intel's catalogue until April 1972 in USA. His 16th birthday would have been Sept 1971, 17 in Sept 1972. When were they sold in Germany?

https://www.edn.com/electronics-blogs/dev-monkey-blog/4408716/My-First-Dev-Kit-for-the---8008

This ref in the same article says age 17:

Andreas von Bechtolsheim was very interested in computers and the associated hardware and software at an early stage. At just 17, he built a small computer that was used to control sheet metal stamping machines. He built this computer for a friendly entrepreneur, which gave him license fees of 100 D-Marks (about 51 Euro) per device. His curiosity and creativity in the field in 1974, when he was only 18 years old, earned him the "Youth Research" award in the field of physics in 1974 with his work on accurate flow measurement through ultrasound.

With the support of a Studienstiftung, he was able to start his studies in electrical engineering (focus on data processing) at the Technical University of Munich. Through a Fulbright scholarship in 1975 he moved to Carnegie Mellon University to Pittsburgh (USA), where he graduated in 1976 as a master in computer science.

After graduation, he moved to Silicon Valley in 1977, where he also took a student summer job at Stanford University as a programmer, shortly thereafter, he was accepted there as a doctoral student. In 1980/1981 he developed a computer, using a CAD system to design the Ethernet card, graphics card, and main processor board himself, supported by the US Military Research Agency.

In 1982, Andreas von Bechtolsheim gave up his doctoral position and with three of his classmates (Scott McNealy, Vinod Khosla, Bill Joy) took the step into independence, the way to one of the heavyweights in Silicon Valley and began his billions of assets. They called their company "SUN," an acronym for "Stanford University Network."

The company grew rapidly and was already successfully listed on the stock market in 1986. In 1988, the turnover was just over one billion US dollars (about 730 million euros) and 10 years later, it was almost ten billion US dollars (about 7.3 billion euros).

Andreas von Bechtolsheim left SUN in 1995 and held his position as Vice President Technology in 1985, seeking new challenges. In the ten years of his absence, he successfully founded several companies and participated in various start-ups. He returned to SUN in 2004, where he served as Senior Vice President and Chief Architect until he retired in 2010 (moving to Arista Networks, a company financed by him).

Barry Cunliffe
Barry Cunliffe

https://www.arch.ox.ac.uk/people/sir-barry-cunliffe https://www.arch.ox.ac.uk/research-projects


 * On the Ocean: The Mediterranean and the Atlantic from prehistory to AD 1500 (Oxford University Press 2017) ISBN 978-0198757894

On the Ocean: The Mediterranean and the Atlantic from prehistory to AD 1500 Hardcover: 640 pages Publisher: OUP Oxford; First Edition edition (28 Sept. 2017) Language: English ISBN-10: 0198757891 ISBN-13: 978-0198757894

RSGB
In 2006, the RSGB cooperated with Ofcom to revise the amateur radio licence in the United Kingdom.

In 2006, the RSGB cooperated with Ofcom to revise the amateur radio licence in the United Kingdom; following the formal consultation process, from 8 February 2007 the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1949 was replaced by the Wireless Telegraphy Act 2006.

Trinity College London ESOL
needs refs section. needs links from UK Visas and Immigration regarding its Secure English Test Centre (SELT) centres and recognition for UKVISA uses Regus offices in Hammersmith, other centres in London and rest of UK

Secure English Language Test (SELT)
Secure English Language Tests (SELTs) are provided at ten Trinity SELT centres in the UK only. The tests are approved for applications to UK Visas and Immigration (UKVI) for visas, British Citizenship and Leave to Remain (LTR). The approved SELTs are Graded Examinations in Spoken English (GESE) at A1, A2 and B1 levels; Integrated Skills in English (ISE) at B1, B2 and C1 levels.

International English Language Testing System claims it is th eonly S E L T centre approved for inside and outside UK??? Need list of SELT centres from UKVI

You can satisfy the knowledge of language and life in the UK requirement if you have passed the Life in the UK test and either: * have a speaking and listening qualification in English at B1 CEFR or higher, that is on the Home Office’s list of recognised tests and was taken at an approved test centre

• have a degree taken in the UK

• have a degree certificate that was taught or researched in a majority English speaking country and: o an Academic Qualification Level Statement (AQUALS) from UK NARIC confirming the qualification is equivalent to a UK qualification

• have a degree certificate that was taught or researched in a non-majority English speaking country and: o o an Academic Qualification Level Statement (AQUALS) from UK NARIC confirming the qualification is equivalent to a UK qualification

and

o an English Language Proficiency Statement (ELPS) from UK NARIC showing that your degree was taught in English.

• are a national of a majority English speaking

DynaText
needs expanding and all refs need to be inline

Jon Bosak - expand also

Steven DeRose
http://www.derose.net/steve/resume/work.html

https://www.balisage.net/Proceedings/vol13/html/DeRose02/BalisageVol13-DeRose02.html

from Bloomberg: Dr. Steven DeRose is a Member of Advisory Board of Context Media, Inc. He is also a Member of Advisory Board of Velocity Equity Partners, LLC. He was the Co-Founder and Chief Scientist at Electronic Book Technologies (EBT, sold to Inso Corporation in 1996) and pioneered some of the earliest uses of SGML and XML technology standards in the identification and sharing of electronic documents. The author of an extensive array of publications and presentations, Dr. DeRose is an Adjunct Associate Professor at Brown University and Visiting Chief Scientist at Brown University’s Scholarly Technology Group where he is working on research concerning digital libraries, cataloging, and metadata, advanced markup systems, and related topics. Dr. DeRose actively participates, both formally and informally in a number of standards efforts, including the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), and the International Standards Organization (ISO). He holds several degrees from Brown University including a Ph.D. in Computational Linguistics, an A.M. in Computational Linguistics, an Sc.B. in Computer Science, and an A.B. in Linguistics.

David G. Durand
Dr. David G. Durand is the Founder and Chief Executive Officer at Tizra, Inc. since February 2006. Dr. Durand has been working with markup languages and hypertext since 1984, contributing to standards including XML, XLink, WebDAV, and TEI. His background is in consumer publishing, including stints at Popular Mechanics, Hearst New Media, and MIT. He has worked on projects for West, McGraw-Hill, the European Molecular Biology Organization (EBioSci, ORIEL), IBM, and Sun, among others. He was Adjunct Assistant Professor of Computer Science at Brown University. He is co-author of Making Hypermedia Work. Dr. Durand has a PhD in Computer Science from Boston University.

John Bosak
Jon Bosak - expand also

Jeffrey Vogel
Jeffrey Vogel has over 15 years experience in operating and financing high tech software companies. , Mr. Vogel was Chief Technology Officer and Vice President of Research and Development for eBusiness Technologies, a leader in XML Content Management Systems.

Dynatext
In 1989, he co-founded (with..) Electronic Book Technologies (EBT), a pioneer in SGML and XML information systems. At EBT, Mr. Vogel led R&D until 1996 when he helped sell the company to Inso, a publicly traded company. From 1996 to 1998, he was Vice President of Engineering at Inso’s Electronic Publishing Solutions business unit and was also very active in the company’s corporate development activities where he helped acquire and integrate upwards of a half dozen acquisitions.

Velocity
Cofounded Velocity in 2000. Mr. Vogel represents or has represented Velocity as a board member or board observer in a number of portfolio companies, including BEZ, WebDialogs, Nexaweb, Digital LightCircuits, and Collego.

Mr. Vogel is currently a Director of the Slater Center for Interactive Technology as well as Vice President and Executive Board member of the JCC of Rhode Island.

He holds an A.B. in Computer Science and Economics from Brown University and is married with one daughter.

ACM Hypertext conference
The first ACM Hypertext (hyperediting and databases) academic conference took place in November 1987, in Chapel Hill NC, where many other applications, including the branched literature writing software Storyspace, were also demonstrated.[13]

Personal life
Stewart was born in Taiwan, where her father was stationed in the Air Force. Stewart’s husband, Sujoy Mukhopadhyay, is also a professor and planetary scientist at UC Davis.

discovery v hypothesis?
https://www.nature.com/news/fleeting-phase-of-planet-formation-discovered-1.22039

https://www.macfound.org/fellows/1024/#photos Planetary Scientist Sarah T. Stewart | 2018 MacArthur Fellow © John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation- used with permission.

Sujoy Mukhopadhyay
Early Earth Harrison, T. Mark; Li, Jie; Manga, Michael; McDonough, William F.; Mukhopadhyay, Sujoy; Romanowicz, Barbara; Rubie, David (2014-01-01). "How Did Early Earth 9 KB (930 words) - 16:11, 18 February 2019

Pipkin (Volcano)

In 2018 Simon J. Lock, Sarah T. Stewart, et.al. discovered a new kind of astronomical object a synestia and proposed a new model of how the Earth and Moon were formed.

Simon J. Lock
In 2018 Simon J. Lock, Sarah T. Stewart, et.al. discovered a new kind of astronomical object a synestia and proposed a new model of how the Earth and Moon were formed.

West London
As a resident of West London I am surprised to see that Holland Park has moved to Central London. Apparently on the basis of the London Plan. The London Plan divides up Outer London for planning purposes and included London Airport and Hillingdon which most Londoners would consider 'west of London' rather than West London. Doing a quick Google comes up with these:
 * https://www.kfh.co.uk/west-london/holland-park/?v=2
 * https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/property/11978629/Holland-Park-west-Londons-forgotten-luxury-neighbourhood.html
 * https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/5518942/millionaires-row-in-holland-park-simon-cowell-robbie-williams-david-cameron/ "7 Feb 2018 - PLUSH Holland Park in West London is a magnet for.."
 * https://www.movebubble.com/london/area-guides/2014/10/holland-park-best-place-live-london "Chic Holland Park in West London is where..."

I would rather not start an 'edit war' - and maybe to someone that doesn't live in West London the POV is different? But on Postal Codes (W8, W11) and common usage in the press I would favour West London.

=
=======

"The borough of Kensington and Chelsea is located in the inner-west of London. " - https://www.london.gov.uk/in-my-area/kensington-and-chelsea "The London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham is in West London, and forms part of Inner London."

"Holland Park is an area of Kensington, .... Wikipedia > Kensington is a district in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, West London, England.

https://www.hellomagazine.com/homes/gallery/2018032147193/victoria-david-beckham-house-london/1/ "Inside the Beckhams' stunning West London home"

SIRIUS (Scientific International Research in Unique Terrestrial Station)
SIRIUS, an acronym for Scientific International Research in Unique Terrestrial Station, is a series of experiments that investigates the effects of isolation and simulates a flight to the moon at the Institute of Biomedical Problems (IBMP) in Moscow, Russia. The first of the series started in 2017. Following the 2019 122-day experiment will be an eight-month experiment in 2020 and twelve-month experiment in 2021 in which the European Space Agency will participate

SIRIUS-17
November 2017. The first of the series of joint Russian-US SIRIUS experiments in which NASA's Human Research Program and IBMP conducted research to identify preventive measures and technologies to protect the health of astronauts during spaceflight, it lasted 17 days. The 6 person crew conducted over 60 experiments, ‘captured’ satellites using a manipulator arm and controlled a rover on the Moon’s surface. One experiment consisted of 38-hours of sleep deprivation, during which crew members had to perform a manual VR-simulated docking of the planned Russian Federatsiya (Federation) spaceship with a booster rocket in Earth’s orbit

Crew
(incomplete list, there were 6 crew members)
 * Mark Serov, mission commander, Russian. Former test cosmonaut, selected 2003 (RKKE-13) and an employee of RKK Energia, married to Yelena Serova
 * Anna Kikina, first flight engineer, Russian. Former cosmonaut.
 * Ilya Rukavishnikov, crew doctor, Russian. IBMP staff.
 * Elena Luchinskaya, Russian. Previously crew captain of the 8-day all-female "Luna 2015" mission.
 * Viktor Fetter, flight engineer, German. Employee of Airbus Defense & Space.
 * Natalia Lysova, researcher, Russian. IBMP staff.

SIRIUS-19
Commenced 19 March 2019 at the NEK ground based facility at IBMP. The crew will carry out over 80 experiments and halfway through there will be a simulated visit to the moon, four crew members will 'land on the lunar surface' in a small capsule and will carry out several 'moonwalks' while wearing spacesuits, they will also collect samples and prepare a 'settlement'. Two members of the crew will remain behind in the simulated Lunar Orbital Platform-Gateway(LOP-G) and monitor them. After the return and docking of the lander with the simulated LOP-G, the whole crew will orbit the moon for 30 days, remotely control rovers on the lunar surface, dock spaceships with the Orbital Platform, and carry out other experiments before their "return to Moscow". Participants in the study are the German Aerospace Center Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) Space Administration and the French space agency (CNES), under the leadership of Roscosmos and NASA.

Crew

 * Evgeny Tarelkin, crew commander, Russian.
 * Daria Zhidova, flight engineer, Russian.
 * Stephania Fedeye, crew doctor, Russian.
 * Anastasia Stepanova, test researcher, Russian.
 * Reinhold Povilaitis, test researcher, an American analyst of research and operations on NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) mission.
 * Allen Mirkadyrov, test researcher, an American that works in the Telecommunication Networks and Technologies Branch at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.

TODO
https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/leag2012/presentations/Mitrofanov.pdf

"Specialists from the Roscosmos State Corporation, RSC “Energia”, Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center, NASA, KBRwyle (USA), Airbus DS (Germany) and other aerospace enterprises from more than ten countries take part in the experiment."
 * other info : http://russianspacenews.com/sirius-19-experiment/


 * https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/2063313557_Viktor_Fetter
 * https://eden-iss.net/index.php/contact/


 * Members of the SIRIUS-17 crew: commander Mark Serov, Natalia Lysova, Viktor Fetter (Germany), Yelena Luchitskaya, Anna Kikina and Ilya Rukavishnikov wave before being locked into in an isolation facility at Russia's Institute for Bio-Medical Problems in Moscow on November 7, 2017. Three men and three women were sealed in a module in Moscow on November 7, 2017
 * https://www.gettyimages.co.uk/detail/news-photo/members-of-the-sirius-17-crew-commander-mark-serov-natalia-news-photo/871277884
 * https://forum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?PHPSESSID=96k35da2j7igah589cghoe1sdl&action=dlattach;topic=44302.0;attach=1461821;image

Current tracks
New tracks are added as new research needs are identified, this list is current for TREC 2018.
 * CENTRE Track - Goal: run in parallel CLEF 2018, NTCIR-14, TREC 2018 to develop and tune an IR reproducibility evaluation protocol(new track for 2018).
 * Common Core Track - Goal: an ad hoc search task over news documents.
 * Complex Answer Retrieval (CAR) - Goal: to develop systems capable of answering complex information needs by collating information from an entire corpus.
 * Incident Streams Track - Goal: to research technologies to automatically process social media streams during emergency situations (new track for TREC 2018).
 * The News Track - Goal: partnership with The Washington Post to develop test collections in news environment (new for 2018).
 * Precision Medicine Track - Goal: a specialization of the Clinical Decision Support track to focus on linking oncology patient data to clinical trials.
 * Real-Time Summarization Track (RTS) - Goal: to explore techniques for real-time update summaries from social media streams.


 * Clinical Decision Support Track - Goal: to investigate techniques for linking medical cases to information relevant for patient care
 * Contextual Suggestion Track - Goal: to investigate search techniques for complex information needs that are highly dependent on context and user interests.
 * Dynamic Domain Track - Goal: to investigate  domain-specific search algorithms that adapt to the dynamic information needs of professional users as they explore in complex domains.
 * LiveQA Track - Goal:  to  generate answers to real questions originating from real users via a live question stream, in real time.
 * OpenSearch Track - Goal: to explore an evaluation paradigm for IR that involves real users of operational search engines. For this first year of the track the task will be ad hoc Academic Search.
 * Real-Time Summarization Track - Goal: to explore techniques for constructing real-time update summaries from social media streams in response to users' information needs.
 * Tasks Track - Goal: to test whether systems can induce the possible tasks users might be trying to accomplish given a query.
 * Total Recall Track - Goal:: to evaluate methods to achieve very high recall, including methods that include a human assessor in the loop.