User:RebeccaWedley/sandbox

Article Evaluation for Gold Fingerprinting
Article lead is easy to understand but short in length. The article has good structure but was lacking information and imagery, resulting in a bare page. Another problem with this article is that there are no citations and it only has one source; as learnt through Wikipedia's training a Wikipedia article should have at least three reliable sources.

In order to follow the development of this page I viewed the talk page; however, there was no discussions or posts relating to the article suggesting that no one has yet to collaborate with the original user. The topic is apart of the Wiki Project Law Enforcement, and is rated as a stub, most likely due to it's lack of information.

Addition to article (rough)
In order for this technique to be used to identify the origins of the gold in question a database made from fingerprinting samples of gold from mines and bullion sources is required.

Topic and Sources
Selected topic is Gold Fingerprinting. Comments from Sarah When editing the methods section, you don't need to go into specifics about LA-ICP-MS because these pages exist (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_ablation, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductively_coupled_plasma_mass_spectrometry). Maybe you can link to them? You've said you'll explain why these methods are useful for gold fingerprinting so that's great.

This article is very short and lacks vital information, for this reason me and my partner (Connor Hill:CuHillz) will not only expand existing sections but create new headings for this article. The methods section will be expanded to include more details on the process of laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (LA-ICP-MS). It will also include past methods of gold fingerprint as LA-ICP-MS may be the most effective, but not the only method. Qualifications for LA-ICP-MS will also be discussed as not all samples are susceptible to the process. Complications as well as limitations regarding the LA-ICP-MS method will also be discussed. We will also expand on the fact that it is declared “quasi-nondestructive” and what that means. Methods are an important aspect of any research paper because it enables researchers in the field to find new information that they themselves could potentially use for another experiment. Qualifications will help clear up any confusion as to whether a new researcher is able to use Gold Fingerprinting for their project or experiment. Actual field work or experiments are important to add because they can expose flaws in past experiments than new researchers can correct and also demonstrate why the experiment is important.

Under a new heading (most likely importance) the importance of gold fingerprinting will be discussed further including the use of it in archaeology as well as discussing successful cases of gold fingerprinting in identifying stolen gold and bullion. We will discuss the role of trace elements and how some are more beneficial to gold fingerprinting than others.

Another heading will be created to discuss the concept of the database which is necessary for gold fingerprinting to be more useful in cases of stolen gold and bullion. The database is important because it links past historical events to the gold or bullion. Databases could also shed light on areas of history that may be missing chunks or lacking information.

Sources for this new information are:

Batchelor D., B. M. (2011). Gold Provenance of the Black Reef Conglomerate,  West and East Rand, South Africa. SGA biennial conference, 2011/1. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236609190_Gold_Provenance_of_the_Black_Reef_Conglomerate_West_and_East_Rand_South_Africa

Brostoff, L. B., González, J. J., Jett, P., & Russo, R. E. (2009). Trace element fingerprinting of ancient Chinese gold with femtosecond laser ablation-inductively coupled mass spectrometry. Journal of Archaeological Science, 36(2), 461–466.

Dupuis, C., & Beaudoin, G. (2011). Discriminant diagrams for iron oxide trace element fingerprinting of mineral deposit types. Mineralium Deposita, 46(4), 319–335. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-011-0334-y

M.F. Guerra, M. R. (2008). Analysis of trace elements in gold alloys by SR-XRF at high energy at the BAMline. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 266(10), 2334-2338. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2008.03.008

Mokgalaka, N., & Gardea-Torresdey, J. L. (2006). Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: Principles and applications. Applied Spectroscopy Reviews, 41(2), 131–150. https://doi.org/10.1080/05704920500510703

Reto Glaus, J. K. (2012). Portable Laser Ablation Sampling Device for Elemental Fingerprinting of Objects Outside the Laboratory with Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. American Chemical Society. doi:dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac3008626

Schlosser S., K. R. (2009). New Technologies for ARchaeology: Multidisciplinary Investigations in Palpa and Nasca, Peru. Natural Science in Archaeology, 409-439. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-87438-6_24

Gold Fingerprinting (Draft)
Gold fingerprinting is a method for identifying a particular item made of gold based on the impurities or trace elements it contains.

Importance
This technique has been used to lay claim to stolen or relocated gold, including gold that has undergone salting can be identified as to its multiple sources. Gold fingerprinting also assists in understanding the origins of gold artifacts. This method is used to characterize a gold-containing item by its trace elements, a.k.a. fingerprinting the sample by mineralizing event and to the particular mine or bullion source. In order for this technique to be used to identify the origins of the gold in question a database made from fingerprinting samples of gold from mines and bullion sources is required.

Methods
Electron microprobe (EMP), Synchrotron micro-XRF (SR-M-XRF) , Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) , Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) , Atomic emission spectrometry , x-ray fluorescence spectrometry with higher energy synchrotron radiation (SR-XFS) and LA-ICP-MS are all methods of gold fingerprinting.

The most common method is LA-ICP-MS primarily because it is quasi-nondestructive, allowing for the preservation of the samples and convenient as samples require little to no preparation. Laser ablation allows for high spatial resolution sampling while the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry provides high sensitivity to identify extremely small amounts of trace elements within the gold. This method can also be conducted outside of a lab with the assistance of a portable device that uses a diode pumped solid state laser and fiber-optics, making fingerprinting more convenient as it eliminates the need for transfer of gold to a specific lab.

Advantages of LA-ICP-MS include reduced sample preparation, no sample size requirements, reduced spectral interference and increased sample throughput. Over the past 32 years, LA-ICP-MS has been used for archaeological, biological and forensic purposes. For example a group of gold foil fragments dating back to the 5th Centruy B.C.E. were analysized by LA-ICP-MS uncovering information on their manufacturing process, function and relationship to one another.

Problems
Due to the small size of gold (<5μm-250μm) small fragments of minerals need to be separated from the gold before analysis can occur.

Limitations
Limitations include elemental fractionation (the non-sample related analyte) and calibration requires matrix-matched standards 2. However, these limitations can be readily avoidable when using LA-ICP-MS in the right scenario and setting.

Jessica's Peer Edit for Gold Fingerprinting
Good job so far! Just a few things I noticed:
 * I would abbreviate "Laser ablation induced coupled plasma mass spectrometry, (LA-ICP-MS)" as soon as you mention it in your draft so that you can keep using the abbreviation and the readers will understand what it represents, just as good form.
 * Your references look factual as they are from scientific papers and pages, which makes me think there is less bias in them - great job. Also great work on citing your work already in your sandbox with numbers (1, 2, 3 etc) so that I can even see where your information is coming from.
 * Fantastic work at linking topics in your sentences to other wiki pages - that's very helpful to help the reader learn fully. I would encourage you to add a little more detail in methods in terms of what element/impurity the LA-ICP-MS method picks up in the gold, is it Niobium, Lanthanum for example?
 * Your information is incredibly factual and I don't hear a hint of bias in it and that's really impressive for neutrality reasons, good work!! :)Jessicanajera (talk) 21:48, 8 March 2018 (UTC)