User:Rebeccasgl/sandbox

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Practice Editing Here (Nov 23rd in-class Wiki session work)

 * This is a place to practice clicking the "edit" button and practice adding references (via the citation button).
 * My group's article title is "Concussion" and I am hoping to use the review by Kerr and colleagues.

Assignment # 3
Assignment #3
 * Note: You will be emailing your assignment # 3 directly to your tutor, however, please paste a version here that excludes your personal information. This will allow us to support your efforts on Wikipedia prior to editing "live" in the article.

Wikipedia Article Title: Concussion

1.     Outline your specific planned changes to your section of the article, labelled “Proposed Changes”. Target 1-2 sentences for your improvements. Use the exact language you plan to post to the Wikipedia community and ensure that it is written in a way that is easily understood by non-medical people.

·       In the Diagnosis section, after “Concussion may be under-diagnosed because of the lack of the highly noticeable signs and symptoms while athletes may minimize their injuries to remain in the competition. A retrospective survey in 2005 suggested that more than 88% of concussions are unrecognized.”

o   Add: “Particularly, many younger athletes struggle with identifying their concussions, which often result in the non-disclosure of concussions and consequently underrepresenting the incidence of concussions in the context of sport.Citation: (Kerr 2014)”

·       In the Diagnosis --> Prevention section, adding at the end: “'''Due to the incidence of concussion in sport, younger athletes often do not disclose concussions and their symptoms. Common reasons for non-disclosure include a lack of awareness of the concussion, the belief that the concussion was not serious enough, and not wanting to leave the game or team due to their injury'''. Citation: (Kerr 2014) Self-reported concussion rates among U-20 and elite rugby union players in Ireland are 45–48%, indicating that many concussions go unreported.[34] Half of these injuries go unreported. ”

2.     After each proposed change, briefly explain the rationale for the change and the reference(s) you have used to support your content. Label this section “Rationale for proposed change.”

·       Both proposed changes are supported by the review article by Kerr et al. (2014), entitled “Disclosure and non-disclosure of concussion and concussion symptoms in athletes: Review and application of the socio-ecological framework”. This article describes the different factors that can impact young athletes from disclosing whether they have a sports-related concussion and concussion symptoms. The majority of studies demonstrated different intra-personal factors (lack of knowledge, not wanting to disappoint team/sport).

·       I wanted to expand on the Prevention Section since I wanted to provide insight on the culture of concussions and how they are disclosed. Although this Wikipedia page is quite detailed, the sections describing society and concussion are more focused on historical perspectives on culture rather than current athletes and their experience through sport and concussion. More specifically, I wanted to expand on student athletes and how concussions affect their participation in sports. There was some mention on underreporting of concussions, but it was limited to one reference; thus, this change was implemented to discuss the topic more generally. This change also describes specific common intra-personal reasons mentioned in the review article.

·       Using the same reference, I wanted to add a phrase in the Diagnosis section to highlight the pervasiveness of inaccurate representation of concussions. There was slight mention of under-diagnosing, but this change specifically indicates how younger athletes may not adequately understand or identify concussion pathology, and how that impacts concussion diagnosis and disclosure. This change may provide greater understanding to the intricate connection between concussion, sport, and under-diagnosis.

3.     Identify any controversy or varied opinions about planned changes in your section and explain how you decided to move forward with the position you have taken. Add this piece to the rationale section.

·       There are no major controversies associated with my planned changes. That being said, the proposed changes bring a relatively new, undiscussed area into the Wikipedia page. There is a lot to be discussed surrounding concussion awareness, education, and prevention, which can induce a great amount of opinion amongst individuals (eg. banning of sports, implementation of more protective gear, retaining the authenticity of sport). However, I tried to ensure that in the small changes implemented, I am focusing only on the effects and impacts of lack of diagnosis and disclosure of concussions among younger athletes, rather than proposed reform for sport and the culture surrounding concussion. This way, it focuses on the issue of trying to properly calculate incidence of concussion in sport and why individuals may not disclose their concussion status or symptoms.

4.     Please identify any issues or concerns with the source (including any possibility of bias) and how (or whether) this has impacted your plans for the information you are choosing to share. Label this section “Critique of Source.”

·       With any source, there is the possibility of bias. The main biases of concern would be publication bias and selection bias. The majority of included studies of the review used were American. This could potentially skew data to overrepresent the US or North American athletes, who could be prone to more concussions (eg. American football) and reduce generalizability. Furthermore, only English studies were included, which can potentially leave out valuable data and produce a Eurocentric-leaning bias. From this, I tried not to use superlatives or overgeneralizations when crafting my statements. In the future, more improvements can be added and used to possibly differentiate between regions if there appears to be differences.

·       Moreover, I believe the selection and use of source is still justified in that the search was quite robust. The article is a systematic review from a reputable and peer-reviewed journal, where it also reviewed reliable, peer-reviewed articles and data. The search scanned seven different databases, with a wide range of search terms used. Authors also continued searching for more eligible studies through reference lists of retrieved articles. Furthermore, although many studies were American, there was good breadth of geographical spread of included studies (multiple continents included) and study populations (eg. athletes, coaches, parents). Authors argue that the data is still applicable to a wide variety of sports and populations.

5.     On your Wikipedia article talk page, you are required to share a summary of your proposed article improvements. An explanation such as you have done for the rest of this assignment is not required or appropriate for the talk page. Please use the following template for your group on the talk page of your article. Although your group will only have one entry on the article talk page, each person is expected to log into Wikipedia and share their specific sentence (and reference), proposed deletion (if you have one), and any other proposed improvements in the talk page entry for your group. Please be sure to include your proposed reference with textbook page numbers if you used a textbook and the reference should be inserted using the “cite” tool in Wikipedia.

Please view the Concussion Talk page for the proposed article improvements.

Reference Used:  Kerr, Zachary Y.; Register-Mihalik, Johna K.; Marshall, Stephen W.; Evenson, Kelly R.; Mihalik, Jason P.; Guskiewicz, Kevin M. (July 2014). "Disclosure and non-disclosure of concussion and concussion symptoms in athletes: Review and application of the socio-ecological framework". Brain Injury. 28 (8): 1009–1021

doi10.3109/02699052.2014.904049

What to post on the Wikipedia article talk page?

 * This will also be covered on Nov 23rd in class. Your group should use the below template to share an outline of your proposed improvements (including your new wording and citations). Article talk pages are not places to share your assignment answers. The Wikipedia community will be more interested in viewing your exact article improvement suggestions including where you plan to improve the article (which section), what wording you suggest, and the exact citation (Note: all citations must meet WP:MEDRS)
 * You will not be able to paste citations directly from your sandbox to talk pages (unless you are interested in editing/learning Wiki-code in the "source editing" mode). We suggest re-adding your citations on the talk page manually (using the cite button and populating the citation by pasting in the DOI, website, or PMID). You will have to repeat this process yet again when you edit the actual article live.
 * Talk Page Template: CARL Medical Editing Initiative/Fall 2020/Talk Page Template