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A brain–apparatus conversation (BAC), the apparatus may be a nonbiological instrument, such as a computer, and the consequent brain–computer interface is now a very popular research area with various applications. The apparatus may also be a biological organ or system, such as the gut and muscle, and their efficient conversations with the brain are vital for a healthy life.The conversations between the brain and an apparatus can not only reveal a normally functioning or a dysfunctional brain but also can modulate the brain.

History
In 2010, professor YaoDe first introduce brian - apparatus conversation concept, aims to build brain-computer interaction and brain - biological organs of uniting the framework, both in the brain - equipment interaction (BCI), including the brain and peripheral organs interaction and collaboration (such as brain - heart, brain, lung, brain, intestine, brain - muscles, etc.), especially through and different between the two kinds of interactions to find complementary and integration.

In 2020, brain apparatus interaction science was officially defined as Brain-Apparatus Conversation +omics (BacomicsBacomics). Its contents and coverage were further expanded, and it is expected to become a basic discipline in the field of mixed intelligence spanning brain cognition and brain diseases.

BAC framework
For a BAC system, the brain is at the center. The brain is interactions with the world outside itself can be divided into two categories. One category is the interaction with nonliving machines and the environment, and the other category is the interaction with animate machines or biological organs. Certainly, BAC can also be divided into "activating brain", "modulating brain" and "brain enhancement" according to its functional goal. We take Bacomics to cover at least three situations: (1) The brain is normal, but the conversation channel is disabled, as in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The task is to reconstruct or open up new channels to reactivate the brain function. (2) The brain is in disorder, such as in Parkinson’s disease, and the work is to utilize existing or open up new channels to intervene, repair and modulate the brain by medications or stimulation. (3) Both the brain and channels are in order, and the goal is to enhance coordinated development between the brain and apparatus.

BAC-1
the issue of output to the outside: the brain is normal, and the purpose is to functionally release the brain by repairing or reconstructing the biological output channels (i.e., brain to inside organs such as the Gut and heart;brain to outside environment and tools by such as hand or artificial limb) or creating new channels ( neural signal decoding to control computer etc.) to make full use of the brain functions.

BAC-2
The issue of input to the brain:the dim brain is in disorder or needs to be enhanced, and the purpose is to utilize or repair the normal channels ,such as medicine,visual feedback or visual prostheses and neural stimulus.

BAC-3
The issue of unity of brain and apparatus:both the brain and the communication channels are normal, and the purpose is to enhance coordinated development between the brain and apparatus.

The control principle
When the brain and an apparatus work together for a purpose, their conversations also act as feedforward and feedback from one to the other.The various control principles in automatic control would be the cornerstones for a stable and valuable BAC system, where positive and negative feedback are the most essential elements.

The harmonious principle
For BAC, harmony means the unity of brain and apparatus, and the coordinated development between the brain and apparatus by their conversations. The conversations will result in that the brain and an apparatus can enjoy and affect each other; otherwise, the conversation would be terminated or distorted.Interestingly, many studies have revealed that all sounds and their elements (pitch, melody, rhythm), natural images and geographical features that humans find enjoyable are composed of scale-free structures, which implies that the human brain may have adapted to the scale-free natural environment during evolution, runs in a scale-free manner in which healthy human body movements and brain activity (EEG and fMRI signals) all follow a scale-free pattern ; this would mean that scale-free features, mathematically following the power law or Zipf’s law, would be an indicator of harmony. Based on this rule, we translated scalp EEGs into scale-free brainwave music (Wu et al. 2009), and the outcomes can vividly reflect intrinsic features of different brain states, such as REM, SWS, and eyes closed or eyes open wake states .Regardless, harmony would be one cornerstone of an effective conversation. The harmony or unity of brain and apparatus can be fostered by iteratively performing specific training tasks, such as mental and physical training, maintaining the health of the body and mind and exposure to supportive social environments , etc.

The systems principle
The brain, various human internal organs/apparatuses, and external devices/environments are integrated as a unified whole.

The principle of brain function plasticity
The brain is an inherently dynamic system that retains a capacity for plasticity and adaptive reorganization and can flexibly reconfigure interactions between spatially distributed networks.

The principle of unity of opposites
Everything has two sides: amphetamine and methylphenidate could be used to treat ADHD in children and adolescents, but they have adverse effects when abused. Games can be used to improve performance, but gaming addiction has attracted great attention as a serious public and mental health issue. Similarly, not all music is beneficial as evidenced.

Ethical considerations
Bacomics entails ethical issues that are similar to other areas of neuroscience while raising special ethical considerations as well. Given that brain activating, modulating and enhancing technologies all touch the innermost parts of humans, there may be important ethical and social concerns to be considered, and these concerns should be investigated in a timely manner along the progress being made, to ensure that studies are being conducted under continuously updated rules of ethics.

Neural tissue engineering and stem cell chimeras
A previous study has demonstrated the possibility to implant brain cells from a "more advanced" species to a "less advanced" species for augmenting brain function. Han and colleagues implanted human astroglial cells into a mouse brain and discovered that the transplanted cell survived and the behavior and performance of the mouse in several evaluated tasks were enhanced.

Genetic brain–mind enhancement
Genetic manipulations could be another way leading to brain and cognitive enhancement, which has been demonstrated in rats and mice. By genetic manipulations, the memory formation and retention of an adult mice were improved. Similarly, by increasing the amount of brain growth factors, memory and cognition was improved. In addition, through pharmacological, dietary,or nutritional supplementation, gene modification can be achieved. For instance, children can gain cognitive enhancement when their mothers consume sufficient amounts of choline during pregnancy.

Neural dust
The Neural dust is an innovative technology that could provide an ultrasonic, low power solution for chronic brain–machine interfaces. The neural dust system consists of an external ultrasonic transceiver board that powers and communicates with a millimeter-scale implanted sensor. The neural dust could be placed throughout the brain and could remain in the brain for a lifetime, and it holds the potential for future bioelectronics-based therapies.

Human brain/cloud interface
Human knowledge has been accumulating at an accelerated exponential pace in the cloud, and it is impossible to keep pace with this increasingly rapid generation of human knowledge owing to our biologically constrained cognitive abilities. In the future, neural nanorobotics may provide a technology for creating a real-time system that allows the human brain to interface with the cloud. Such a system might allow the individuals to instantaneously access to all of the cumulative human knowledge available in the cloud, which could significantly improve human learning capacities and intelligence, etc.