User:Regina.Phalange123/sandbox

Contribution Article 1
The 1952 Hasankale earthquake occurred at 08:03 local time on 3 January in Hasankale (today Pasinler) in Erzurum Province, Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. The earthquake had an estimated magnitude of 5.8 and a maximum felt intensity of VIII (Severe) on the Mercalli intensity scale, causing 41 casualties.

'''This spot has been the subject of studies due to the amount of earthquakes that occur in Turkey. 17% of earthquakes globally occur in this area. This is because the Alpide belt crosses through Turkey. '''

The earthquakes are cause when the plates try to slide past each other on a transform boundary.

Content to add:
1) checked for plagerism (sentences listed in talk page of article)

2)added more content to article concerning following info:
 * turkey is located on the Alpide Seismo-Tectonic plate. causes many intense earthquakes in the area.
 * "17% of the worlds earthquakes occur here"
 * http://cidbimena.desastres.hn/pdf/eng/doc13346/doc13346-a.pdf
 * link the alpine belt wikipedia article to this article
 * Alpide belt


 * talk about transform boundaries
 * earthquakes are caused by slip-strike on a fault line when plate slide past each other
 * http://www.britannica.com/science/earthquake-geology#ref837428

Contribution Article 2
The 2013 Cameron Highlands mud floods took place on 23 October 2013. Three people died while another was missing due to the mud flood in Bertam Valley, Cameron Highlands, Pahang, Malaysia. Heavy rain had occurred continuously since 7:00pm the day before, creating a need to alleviate the water in the dam the morning of the flood. The water from in the dam was released three times starting with the first at midnight, then another at 1:00am, and finally again at 2:45am. The flash flood occurred at 1:00am as a result of the release of the water from the Sultan Abu Bakar dam in Ringlet that forced the Bertam River to suddenly rise and breach its banks. In the aftermath, around 10 kongsi houses that were on the banks of the river were destroyed, roughly 80 houses were damaged, some of which were 3 km away, and 100 vehicles suffered damage.

Causes of mud floods
The Cameron Highlands are susceptible to flash floods that carry silt because of the human involvement in the area. The deforestation of the area causes the water runoff and is one of the main reasons they have flash floods. One of the effects of the clearing of land for agriculture use is the heavy soil erosion that occurs in the Cameron Highlands. This is a contributing factor to the floods because as the people illegally clear the land, the runoff can carry more silt with it. This places large amounts of silt into the rivers making them shallower and easier to fill which causes floods. On top of this, the rivers are narrow due to the structures built on the banks and even illegal extensions into the river. Another issue contributing to the water runoff is the use of plastic roofing over plots of vegetation. These areas would normally offer some buffer to flooding by absorbing water. Instead, the plastic used by many people in the area speeds up the rainwater running off into the rivers which can lead to the floods.

Content to add/ edit
 * check for plagiarism,
 * found sentence "Some 10...destroyed" direct plagarism from source 1, cited as source 3.
 * found sentences "the incident...danger level" "the dam water...yesterday" plagiarism from source 2.
 * found sentence "the dam water...its banks" close paraphrasing of source 3 in the first half of the sentence.
 * All other sentences checked, no plagiarism. (still reworded most because it was bulky and awkward)


 * move info from causes of mud floods section b/c not actually causes of mud floods in general its just this one's causes.
 * reword the information. sentences are bulky "and the third time at 2:45am
 * add content relating science behind a mud flood to "causes..." sectiion (added 4 sources)
 * illegal land clearing/ deforestation
 * plastic roofing
 * narrow rivers

Contribution Article 3
The seventh cholera pandemic was the seventh major outbreak of cholera and occurred from the years 1961 to the 1970s and has continued (though much diminished) to the present.

'''This outbreak, based on the strain called El Tor, started in Indonesia in 1961 where it spread to Bangladesh by 1963. Then it went to India in 1964. It made it to the USSR by 1966. In 1972 there were reports of outbreaks in Baku, but the USSR kept this information quiet. It reached Italy in 1973 from North Africa. Japan and the South Pacific saw a few outbreaks by the late 1970s. '''

In 1971, the number of cases reported worldwide was 155,000. In 1991, it reached 570,000.

The spread of the disease was helped by modern transportation and mass migrations. Mortality rates, however, dropped markedly as governments began modern curative and preventative measures. The usual mortality rate of 50% dropped to 10% by the 1980s and less than 3% by the 1990s.

'''The strain made a comeback in 1991 in Latin America. It has been shown that the strain can trace its origins to that of the seventh cholera pandemic. It was suspected the strain came to Latin America through Asai from contaminated water. It has since been shown that identical matches have been found between samples from Latin America and samples from Africa. This outbreak started in Peru and has killed roughly 10,000 people. '''