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The term "Nobel disease" refers to "an affliction of certain Nobel Prize recipients which causes them to embrace strange or scientifically unsound ideas, usually later in life." . It has been argued that the effect results, in part, from a tendency for Nobel winners to feel empowered by the award to speak on topics outside their specific area of expertise  combined with a tendency for Nobel winners to be the kinds of scientists who think in unconventional ways. While it remains unclear whether Nobel winners are statistically more more prone to critical thinking errors than are other scientists, the phenomenon is of interest because it provides an existence proof that: (1) being an authority in one field does not necessarily make one an authority in any other field, and (2) to the extent that winning a Nobel Prize serves as a proxy indicator of scientific brilliance and high general intelligence, such characteristics are not incompatible with irrationality Nobel disease also serves to demonstrate that, for some prize winners, being universally hailed as "right" appears to bolster the individual laureate's confirmation bias more than it does his or her skepticism.

=Nobel Prize Winners Who Have Exhibited Symptoms Of Nobel Disease=

Linus Pauling
Pauling won the 1954 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. A decade before winning the prize, he was diagnosed with Bright's desease which he treated in part by ingesting vitamin supplements, which he claimed dramatically improved his condition. He later espoused taking high doses of vitamin C to reduce the likelihood and severity of experiencing the common cold. Pauling himself consumed amounts of vitamin C on a daily basis that were more than 120 times the recommended daily intake. He further argued that megadoses of vitamin C have therapeutic value for treating schiziophrenia and for prolonging cancer patients' lives. These claims are not supported by the best available science

Kary Mullis
Mullis won the 1993 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Mullis has disagreed with the accepted, and scientifically verified, view that AIDS is caused by the HIV virus, has questioned the evidence for human contributions to global warming, professed a belief in astrology, and claims that he once encountered a fluorescent raccoon that spoke with him.

Luc Montagnier
Montagnier won the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. In 2009, in a non-peer-reviewed paper in a journal that he had founded, Montagnier claimed that that solutions containing the DNA of pathogenic bacteria and viruses could emit low frequency radio waves that induce surrounding water molecules to become arranged into “nanostructures”. He suggested water could retain such properties even after the original solutions were massively diluted, to the point where the original DNA had effectively vanished, and that water could retain the “memory” of substances with which it had been in contact -- claims that place his work in close alignment with the pseudoscientific tenets of homeopathy. He has supported the scientifically discredited view that vaccines cause autism and has claimed that antibiotics are of therapeutic value in the treatment of autism.

Nikolaas Tinbergen
Tinbergen won the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. During his Nobel acceptance speech, Tinbergen promoted the widely discredited "refrigerator mother" hypothesis of the causation of autism, thereby setting a "nearly unbeatable record for shortest time between receiving the Nobel Prize and saying something really stupid about a field in which the recipient had little experience.” In 1985, Tinbergen coauthored a book with is wife that recommended the use of "holding therapy" for autism, a form of treatment that is empirically unsupported and that can be physically dangerous.

Brian Josephson
Josephson won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1973. Josephson has promoted a number of scientifically unsupported or discredited beliefs, including the homeopathic notion that water can somehow "remember" the chemical properties of substances diluted within it, the view that transcendental meditation is helpful for bringing unconscious traumatic memories into conscious awareness, and the possibility that humans may be able to communicate with each other through the use of telepathy.

John William Strutt, Lord Rayleigh
(Physics, 1904) Paranormal

Joseph Thomson
(Physics, 1906) Psychic, dowsing and paranormal

Charles Richet
(Physiology or Medicine, 1913) ESP, paranormal, dowsing, ghosts

Otto Stern
(Physics, 1943) Psychokinesis

William Shockley
(Physics, 1956) Racialism and eugenics

Alfred Kastler
(Physics, 1966) Paranormal

Richard Smalley
(Chemistry, 1996) Creationism, Intelligent Design and evolution denial