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, the House of Representatives of Japan is elected from a combination of multi-member districts and single-member districts, a method called Parallel voting. Currently, 176 members are elected from 11 multi-member districts (called proportional representation blocks or PR blocks) by a party-list system of proportional representation (PR), and 289 members are elected from single-member districts, for a total of 465. 238 seats are therefore required for a majority. Each PR block consists of one or more prefectures, and each prefecture is divided into one or more single-member districts. In general, the block districts correspond loosely to the major regions of Japan, with some of the larger regions (such as Kantō) subdivided.

History
Until the 1993 general election, all members of the House of Representatives were elected in multi-member constituencies by single non-transferable vote. In 1994, Parliament passed an electoral reform bill that introduced the current system of parallel voting in single-member constituencies and proportional voting blocks. The original draft bill in 1993 by the anti-LDP coalition of Prime Minister Morihiro Hosokawa included proportional party list voting on a national scale, an equal number of proportional and district seats (250 each) and the possibility of split voting. However, the bill stalled in the House of Councillors. After the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) had returned to power later that year, it was changed to include proportional voting in regional blocks only, the number of proportional seats was reduced, but the possibility to cast two separate votes was kept in the bill. The electoral reform law was finally passed in 1994. It was first applied in the 1996 general election.

Redistricting and reapportionment
Amendments to the electoral law in 2002 and 2013 changed the boundaries of single-member districts and reapportioned seats between prefectures (+5/-5 in 2002; +0/-5 in 2013, resulting in a net change of -5 in district seats in the House of Representatives to 295 and overall seats to 475). The borders of the regional proportional blocks have never changed, but the apportionment of seats to the regional proportional blocks changed in 2000 after the number of proportional seats had been reduced from 200 to 180 (reducing the total number of seats in the lower house from 500 to 480), and in the 2002 reapportionment.

Another reapportionment was passed by the National Diet in June 2017. In the majoritarian segment, it will change 97 districts in 19 prefectures, six are eliminated without replacement (one each in Aomori, Iwate, Mie, Nara, Kumamoto and Kagoshima). In the proportional segment, four "blocks" lose a seat each (Tōhoku, N. Kantō, Kinki, Kyūshū). Thus, the number of majoritarian seats is reduced to 289, the number of proportional seats to 176, the House of Representatives overall shrinks to 465. The reform takes effect one month after promulgation, i.e. on July 16, 2017.

Hokkaidō (8 block seats)
The block constituency for Hokkaidō (比例北海道ブロック) elects 8 members proportionally. It contains only Hokkaidō Prefecture, which is divided into 12 single-member districts.

Tohoku (13 block seats)
The block constituency for Tohoku (比例東北ブロック) elects 14 members proportionally. It corresponds to the Tohoku region.

Kita- (North) Kanto (19 block seats)
The Northern Kanto proportional representation block (北関東) elects 20 members proportionally. It includes four prefectures in northern Kanto.

Minami- (Southern) Kanto (22 block seats)
The block constituency for southern Kanto (比例南関東ブロック, hirei minami-Kantō burokku) elects 22 members proportionally. It includes two prefectures in southern Kanto and one in eastern Chubu.

Chiba Prefecture (13 districts)
[[File:衆議院小選挙区 神奈川県.svg|thumb|Districts in Kanagawa prefecture. Districts not labeled are part of the city of Yokohama, which contains all of districts 1-8 except district 4). See the close up (below) for more information.

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Kanagawa Prefecture (18 districts)

 * 衆議院小選挙区 横浜市.svg

Yamanashi Prefecture (2 districts)

 * District 1 - Consists of the cities of Enzan, Kōfu, Nirasaki, Hokuto, Minami-arupusu, Chuo, Kai, and, as well as the districts of Higashiyamanashi, Nishiyatsushiro, Minamikoma, and Nakakoma.
 * District 2 - Consists of the cities of Yamanashi, Fujiyoshida, Ōtsuki, Tsuru, Fuefuki, Koshu, and Uenohara, as well as the Kitatsuru and Minamitsuru districts.

Tokyo (17 block seats)
The block constituency for Tokyo (比例東京ブロック) elects 17 members proportionally. It covers Tokyo prefecture.

Hokurikushinetsu (11 block seats)
The block constituency for Hokurikushinetsu (北陸信越) elects 11 members proportionally. It combines five prefectures of the Hokuriku and Shin'etsu subregions in northern Chubu.

Fukui Prefecture (2 districts)




Tokai (21 block seats)
The block constituency for Tokai (東海) elects 21 members proportionally. It covers three prefectures in southern Chubu, as well as one prefecture in Kinki.

Aichi Prefecture (15 districts)

 * 衆議院小選挙区 愛知県名古屋市.svg
 * 衆議院小選挙区 愛知県名古屋市.svg

Kinki/Kansai (28 block seats)
The block constituency for Kinki (Kansai) (近畿) elects 29 members proportionally. It corresponds to the Kinki region minus Mie Prefecture.

Kyoto Prefecture (6 districts)

 * District 1 - Consists of the wards of Kamigyō-ku, Kita-ku, Nakagyō-ku, Minami-ku, and Shimogyō-ku in Kyoto.
 * District 2 - Consists of the wards of Higashiyama-ku, Sakyō-ku, and Yamashina-ku in Kyoto.
 * District 3 - Consists of the ward of Fushimi-ku in Kyoto, the cities of Mukō and Nagaokakyō, and the Otokuni district.
 * District 4 - Consists of the wards of Nishikyō-ku and Ukyō-ku in Kyoto, the city of Kameoka, and the Funai and Kitakuwada districts.
 * District 5 - Consists of the cities of Ayabe, Fukuchiyama, Kyōtango, Maizuru, and Miyazu, as well as the Amata, Kasa, and Yosa districts.
 * District 6 - Consists of the cities of Joyo, Kyōtanabe, Uji, and Yawata, as well as the Kuse, Sōraku, and Tsuzuki districts.
 * District 6 - Consists of the cities of Joyo, Kyōtanabe, Uji, and Yawata, as well as the Kuse, Sōraku, and Tsuzuki districts.



Nara Prefecture (3 districts)

 * District 1 - Consists of the cities of Ikoma and Nara (except for the recently annexed Tsuge village).
 * District 2 - Consists of the cities of Ikoma, Kashiba, Tenri, and Yamatokōriyama, as well as the districts of Yamabe, Ikoma, Kitakatsuragi and Shiki. Also includes the part of Nara city that was formerly Tsuge village in the Yamabe district.
 * District 3 - Consists of the cities of Gojō, Kashihara, and Sakurai, Gose, Katsuragi, and Yamatotakada, as well as the districts of Takaichi, Uda, and Yoshino.
 * District 3 - Consists of the cities of Gojō, Kashihara, and Sakurai, Gose, Katsuragi, and Yamatotakada, as well as the districts of Takaichi, Uda, and Yoshino.



Osaka Prefecture (19 districts)

 * District 1 - Consists of the wards of Chūō-ku, Ikuno-ku, Minato-ku, Naniwa-ku, Nishi-ku, and Tennōji-ku in Osaka city.
 * District 2 - Consists of the wards of Abeno-ku, Higashisumiyoshi-ku, and Hirano-ku in Osaka city.
 * District 3 - Consists of the wards of Nishinari-ku, Suminoe-ku, Sumiyosho-ku, and Taisho-ku in Osaka city.
 * District 4 - Consists of the wards of Fukushima-ku, Higashinari-ku, Joto-ku, Kita-ku, and Miyakojima-ku in Osaka city.
 * District 5 - Consists of the wards of Higashiyodogawa-ku, Konohana-ku, Nishiyodogawa-ku, and Yodogawa-ku in Osaka city.
 * District 6 - Consists of the wards of Asahi-ku and Tsurumi-ku in Osaka city, as well as the cities of Kadoma and Moriguchi.
 * District 7 - Consists of the cities of Settsu and Suita.
 * District 8 - Consists of the city of Toyonaka.
 * 衆議院小選挙区 大阪府大阪市5.svgict 9 - Consists of the cities of Ibaraki, Ikeda, and Minoo, as well as the Toyono district.
 * District 10 - Consists of the city of Takatsuki as well as the Mishima district.
 * District 11 - Consists of the cities of Hirakata and Katano.
 * District 12 - Consists of the cities of Daitō, Neyagawa, and Shijōnawate.
 * District 13 - Consists of the city of Higashiōsaka.
 * District 14 - Consists of the cities of Fujiidera, Habikino, Kashiwara, and Yao.
 * District 15 - Consists of the cities of Kawachinagano, Matsubara, Ōsakasayama, and Tondabayashi, as well as the Minamikawachi district. Also contains the Mihara sector of Sakai city.
 * District 15 - Consists of the cities of Kawachinagano, Matsubara, Ōsakasayama, and Tondabayashi, as well as the Minamikawachi district. Also contains the Mihara sector of Sakai city.


 * District 16 - Consists of the Higashi, Kita, and Sakai sectors of Sakai city.
 * District 17 - Consists of the areas of Sakai city not in districts 15 or 16.
 * District 18 - Consists of the cities of Izumi, Izumiōtsu, Kishiwada, and Takaishi, as well as the Senboku district.
 * District 19 - Consists of the cities of Hannan, Izumisano, Kaizuka, and Sennan, as well as the Sennan district.



Shiga Prefecture (4 districts)

 * District 1 - Consists of the cities of Ōtsu and Takashima as well as the Shiga district.
 * District 2 - Consists of the cities of Hikone, Maibara and Nagahama as well as the Echi, Higashiazai, Ika, Inukami, and Sakata districts. Also includes the part of Higashiōmi that formerly comprised Aitō and Kotō in the Echi district.
 * District 3 - Consists of the cities of Kusatsu, Moriyama, Rittō and Yasu.
 * District 4 - Consists of the cities of Higashiōmi (except the parts listed in district 2), Kōka, Konan and Ōmihachiman as well as the Gamō and Kanzaki districts.
 * District 4 - Consists of the cities of Higashiōmi (except the parts listed in district 2), Kōka, Konan and Ōmihachiman as well as the Gamō and Kanzaki districts.



Wakayama Prefecture (3 districts)

 * District 1 - Consists of Wakayama city.
 * District 2 - Consists of Hashimoto and Kainan cities, as well as the Ito, Kaisō, and Naga districts.
 * District 3 - Consists of Arida, Gobō, Shingū, and Tanabe cities, as well as the Arida, Hidaka, Higashimuro, and Nishimuro districts.
 * District 3 - Consists of Arida, Gobō, Shingū, and Tanabe cities, as well as the Arida, Hidaka, Higashimuro, and Nishimuro districts.

Chugoku (11 block seats)
The block constituency for Chugoku (中国) elects 11 members proportionally. It corresponds to the Chugoku region.

Hiroshima Prefecture (7 districts)

 * District 1 - Consists of the Higashi-ku, Minami-ku, and Naka-ku wards in Hiroshima city.
 * District 2 - Consists of the Nishi-ku and Saeki-ku wards in Hiroshima city, the cities of Etajima (except the original town of Etajima), Hatsukaichi, and Ōtake, and the Saeki district.
 * District 3 - Consists of the Asakita-ku and Asaminami-ku wards in Hiroshima city, the city of Akitakata, and the Yamagata district.
 * District 4 - Consists of the Aki-ku ward in Hiroshima city and the Aki district. Also, it includes parts of the cities of Kure (the former towns of Kamagari, Kurahashi, Ondo, and Shimokamagari), Higashihiroshima (all except for the former Akitsu town), Mihara (the former Daiwa town), and Etajima (the original Etajima town).
 * District 5 - Consists of Takehara city and the Toyota district. Also includes Kure (except as in District 4), the part of Higashihiroshima comprising the former Akitsu town, and the part of Mihara comprising the former Hongō town.
 * District 6 - Consists of the cities of Fuchū, Innoshima, Miyoshi, Onomichi, and Shōbara, as well as the Jinseki and Sera districts. Also includes the part of Mihara comprising the former Kui town.
 * District 7 - Consists of the city of Fukuyama and the Fukayasu district.
 * District 7 - Consists of the city of Fukuyama and the Fukayasu district.



Shikoku (6 block seats)
The block constituency for Shikoku (比例四国ブロック) elects 6 members proportionally. It corresponds to the Shikoku region.

Kyūshū (20 block seats)
The block constituency for Kyūshū (九州) elects 21 members proportionally. It includes all the prefectures on Kyūshū island, as well as Okinawa Prefecture.