User:ResearchMethods88/Chuck Stone

Early life[edit]
(BEFORE) Chuck Stone was born July 21, 1924, in St. Louis, Missouri, to Charles Sumner Stone Sr and Madeline Chafin and raised in Hartford, Connecticut. Stone served in World War II, where he was member of the Tuskegee Airmen. He had already been admitted to Harvard University after completing his military service, but chose instead to matriculate at Wesleyan University, receiving degrees in political science and economics. He was the first African-American undergraduate in several decades at Wesleyan, graduating in the class of 1948 and serving as the commencement speaker. Stone subsequently received a master's degree in sociology from the University of Chicago. After completing his education, he worked for the Chicago department store Carson Pirie Scott, serving as the store's first African-American executive. He then studied law for eighteen months at the University of Connecticut before spending two years in Egypt, Gaza, and India as a representative for CARE.

(EDIT)Chuck Stone was born July 21, 1924, in St. Louis, Missouri, to Charles Sumner Stone Sr and Madeline Chafin and raised in Hartford, Connecticut. '''His father was a business manager for a nearby college, and his mother was a payroll officer for the Hartford Board of Education. Stone graduated from Hartford Public High School in 1942 with honors, and from there proceeded to go into they army.''' Stone served in World War II, where he was member of the Tuskegee Airmen. He had already been admitted to Harvard University after completing his military service, but chose instead to matriculate at Wesleyan University, receiving degrees in political science and economics. He was the first African-American undergraduate in several decades at Wesleyan, graduating in the class of 1948 and serving as the commencement speaker. Stone subsequently received a master's degree in sociology from the University of Chicago. After completing his education, he worked for the Chicago department store Carson Pirie Scott, serving as the store's first African-American executive. He then studied law for eighteen months at the University of Connecticut before spending two years in Egypt, Gaza, and India as a representative for CARE.

(BEFORE) Stone is considered[by whom?] to be the "driving force behind NABJ", and the key to the organization's longevity. Bob Butler, president of the NABJ from 2013 to 2015, credited Stone with helping to improve diversity in newsroom management, stating that "what (diversity) does exist is because of Chuck and the other founders of the NABJ."

(EDITED) '''Bob Butler, president of the NABJ from 2013 to 2015, has named Stone to be the "guiding force behind the NABJ," and the key to the organization's longevity. Butler has credited Stone with helping to improve diversity in newsroom management, stating that "what (diversity) does exist is because of Chuck and the other founders of the NABJ."'''

Civil rights[edit]
Chuck Stone became associated with the Civil Rights Movement and the Black Power movement while working as an editor at Harlem's New York Age, the Washington, D.C. Afro-American, and the Chicago Daily Defender. He also served three years as a special assistant and speechwriter for Rep. Adam Clayton Powell Jr. of the 22nd congressional district of New York, chair of the House Education and Labor Committee. In 1966 Stone was a member of a steering committee organized by Powell to discuss the meaning of the Black Power Movement.

(EDIT) '''In addition, he often served as a mediator between criminals and the police for over 20 years. His most notable role was during the negotiation of the 5-day Graterford Prison (added link) hostage crisis of 1981, in which Stone entered negotiations on day 4 of a stalemate between escaped prisoners and 29 hostages. Stone served as a go-between and successfully negotiated the end of the stand-off, for which he "gained wide credibility" .'''

Non-fiction[edit]

 * Tell It Like It Is. Trident Press, 1967. ASIN B0006BUBAC.
 * Black Political Power in America. Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1968. ASIN B0006BW47U.
 * “Black Political Power in the Carter Era.” The Black Scholar 8, no. 4 (1977): 6–15. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41066097 . 

Fiction[edit]

 * King Strut (novel). Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1970. ASIN B0006CF6VK.
 * Squizzy the Black Squirrel: A Fabulous Fable of Friendship. Open Hand Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0940880717.

'''(EDIT) Stone was known for his passionate and bold personality. The New York Times refers to him as a the "Fiery, Trusted Columnist" and journalist Dennis Jackson once did a segment on him titled, "The Outspoken Mr. Stone." '''

'''(EDIT)His book, "Black Political Power in America," analyzes ethnic political power as seen in the United States and encourages Black citizens to vote in a block in order to consolidate their voice in America, much as the Italians and Irish did in the past. This work, along with "Tell It Like It Is" and his other articles, draw attention to the racial inequalities in America and advocate for change.'''

Awards[edit]

 * Congressional Gold Medal awarded to Tuskegee Airmen in 2006
 * Nominated twice for Pulitzer Prize 
 * Free Spirit Award from the Freedom Forum 1993 
 * Thomas Jefferson Award from University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill 2002 
 * Trailblazer Award from Greensboro's Sit-In Movement, Inc. 2005