User:RevKevGray/sandbox

Upper Chinook Language Wikipedia article

Very little information--a lot can be added to the page. All information on the page is relevant to Kiksht/Upper Chinook. The distracting bit of information is the debate of whether Wisco-Wishram (Kiksht) is a dialect or language. The article is neutral and unbiased. The links of the citations in the references section worked, and they took me to reliable and credible websites. All information in the lede is cited to legitimate and credible sources. However, the sections that follow do not have sources. They have good information, including a phonology chart and information about dialects, but where the information came from is not apparent. One piece of information, the number of people in the revival effort, is from 2013 (five years ago), but more information might not be available. The talk page addresses the discrepancy of language versus dialect. One person listed some addition resources and information he or she could contribute to the page. This article and every related Wiki page is rated as start-class. It is related to four WikiProjects: Endangered Languages, Oregon, Languages and Indigenous People of North America. Wikipedia's discussion of this language is very similar to the ones we have had in class, but it is far more incomplete. I can contribute many things to the Upper Chinook language page. I now have a firm grasp on word order for verb-stem sentences, case, passive and negation. None of these aspects of Kiksht are currently on the Upper Chinook language page. I think I very the firmest grasp on word order, followed by case. Those could be very strong contributions to this Wikipedia article.

May 2, 2018: Kiksht Edit-athon

Verbal suffixes in Kiksht
Kiksht employs verbal morphological elements, many of which are suffixes to the verb stem. Dyk discusses two types of suffixes: Voice-aspect and derivative.

Voice-aspect
Voice-aspect has three sub-categories.

Continuatives
These suffixes are mutually exclusive. Which suffix is used depends on the particular verb stem and the verbal construction. Examples include -lal, -l, im, -x̣, -ł, -l-, -l-…- ł and -nił.

Perfectives
Kiksht has two perfective suffixes: -tck and -tckw. These suffixes have the same meaning, and which one is used depends on the preceding elements of the verbal construction. For example, -tck cannot follow -x̣, but it can follow any other element.

Neuters
The Neuter voice is marked by four specific suffixes: -t, -ix, -it and -ixit. –ix and –ixit are resultatives that occur in the neuter voice. These contrast with -t and -it, which are non-resultatives. –t and –ix are imperfectives. These contrast with -it and -ixit, which are perfectives of transition.

Note: Dyk suggests a difference between the perfective suffixes and perfective of transition transition suffixes; however, he did not explain what the difference is.

Derivative Suffixes
Derivative suffixes also have three sub-categories. They are not mutually exclusive, which means a verbal stem can have up to all three types present.

Causative
Kiksht's causative suffixes are -ma and -mit. These attach only to intransitive verb stems. The addition of a causative suffix forms a transitive construction.

Purposive
Kiksht's purposive suffixes are -am and -itam. These reflect intentionality to the verbal stem. Mostly, these occur in active constructions.

-am
-am translates to 'to go in order to'. It attaches to any verb in the active voice.

-itam
-itam denotes arrival for motion verbs.

Distributive plural
Kiksht's distributive plural is -yu. If a noun is plural, it implies that the action happens to or is done by each noun individually.