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Taiwan Province, hereinafter referred to as "Taiwan", is the provincial administrative region of the people's Republic of China [1]. Taipei, the provincial capital, is located on the continental shelf along the southeast coast of China [1]. It faces the Pacific Ocean in the East and Fujian Province across the Taiwan Strait in the West; It is adjacent to the East China Sea in the north and the Bashi Strait in the south, opposite to the Philippine Islands. [2] Taiwan Province is composed of the largest island in China, Taiwan Island, Lanyu Island, green island, Diaoyu Island and other affiliated islands and Penghu Islands. [2] It spans temperate and tropical zones. With a population of 23.41 million, more than 70% are concentrated in the five metropolitan areas in the west, of which Taipei metropolitan area is the largest.

The Taiwan region of China refers to the Taiwan Province under the control of the Taiwan authorities (including Taiwan's own island and Orchid Island, green island, Diaoyu Island and other islands and Penghu Islands), and the islands of Jinmen, Mazu and Wuqiu, etc., with a total land area of 36 thousand square kilometers. The administrative divisions of Taiwan include six "municipalities directly under the central government" of Taiwan authorities: Taipei, Xinbei, Taoyuan, Taichung, Tainan and Kaohsiung, three cities of Keelung, Hsinchu and Chiayi, and 13 counties of Hsinchu, Miaoli, Changhua, Nantou, Yunlin, Chiayi, Pingtung, Taitung, Hualien, Ilan, Penghu, Jinmen and lianjiang (Mazu).