User:RickLawless/sandbox

Biomanufacturing is a type of manufacturing that utilizes biological systems to produce commercially important biomaterials and biomolecules for use in medicines, food and beverage processing, and industrial applications. Biomanufacturing products are recovered from natural sources, such as blood, or from cultures of microbes, animal cells, plant cells, or insect cells grown in specialized equipment. The cells used during the production may have been naturally occurring or derived using biotechnology techniques.

Products
There are thousands of biomanufacturing products on the market today. Some examples of general classes are listed below:

Medicine

 * Amino acids
 * Cytokines
 * Fusion proteins
 * Growth factors
 * Monoclonal antibodies
 * Vaccines

Food and Beverage

 * Amino acids
 * Enzymes
 * Protein supplements

Industrial applications that employ cells and/or enzymes

 * Biocementation
 * Bioremediation
 * Detergents
 * Plastics

Unit Operations
A partial listing of unit operations utilized during biomanufacturing includes the following:
 * Blood plasma fractionation
 * Cell culture
 * Cell separation, such as filtration and centrifugation
 * Fermentation
 * Homogenization
 * Column chromatography
 * Ultrafiltration and/or diafiltration
 * Clarification, such as filtration
 * Formulation
 * Filling vials or syringes for injectable medicines

Equipment and Facilities
Equipment and facility requirements are dictated by the product(s) being manufactured. Material of construction of process equipment is typically re-usable stainless steel or single-use disposable plastic. Products manufactured for medical or food use must be produced in facilities designed and operated according to Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) regulations. Cleanrooms are often required to control the levels of particulates and microorganisms. Sterilization and aseptic processing equipment are required for production of injectable products.

Employment
Skilled professionals are required for positions throughout the life cycle of a biomanufacturing product, which includes:
 * Research
 * Product development
 * Process development
 * Preclinical evaluation
 * Clinical trials
 * Engineering
 * Production
 * Validation
 * Quality Control
 * Quality Assurance
 * Materials Management
 * Sales

Details for some of these positions are listed in “The Model Employee”, published by the North Carolina Biotechnology Center. In addition, the North Carolina Association for Biomedical Research (NCABR) maintains the web page, About Bioscience, that offers free online videos on various careers.

Education and Training
Several academic institutions have developed curricula and built facilities to provide education and training in biomanufacturing to students from community colleges, universities, and/or industry. NCBioImpact, established in 2004, is an example of a comprehensive state-wide training network. Member institutions Golden LEAF Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC) at North Carolina State University, (BRITE) at North Carolina Central University, and North Carolina Community College System’s BioNetwork operate multidisciplinary centers dedicated to workforce development for the biomanufacturing industry.