User:Rjjiii/sandbox3

Citation Style 1 (CS1) is a collection of reference citation templates used on Wikipedia. The various CS1 templates all use Module:Citation/CS1. Its purpose is to provide a set of default formats for references. The use of CS1 or of templates is not required. CS1 also refers to the default style of rendering used by CS1 templates.

CS1's rendered citation is based on Wikipedia's own Manual of Style, elements of The Chicago Manual of Style, and the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, with adaptations.

How the templates work
CS1 templates present a citation generally as:


 * With author


 * Without author

Authors
You can add authors to a citation by placing their first and last name into the template's parameters. To add a single author, use last and first. If a cited source has multiple authors, use last2 and first2, last3 and first3, etc. For symmetry with the other numbered parameters, last1 and first1 are available as well, as shown in the following example:



In situations where "first" and "last" do not fit the authorship of the source you can use author and authorn. An editor may be cited using separate parameters for the editor's last and first name. A single or first editor would use editor-last and editor-first; subsequent editors would use editor2-last and editor2-first, editor3-last and editor3-first, etc. Similar to the author parameter, you can cite editors using editor and editorn. By default, the templates will use the author parameters to create link anchors for shortened footnotes. If an author parameter is not used, the template will render the editor in the author location and use the editors for shortened footnotes; if neither author nor editor parameters are used, the template will not automatically create an anchor for shortened footnotes. If the cited source does not credit an author, as is common with newswire reports, press releases or company websites use: author

Date
The year or the full date can be placed in the date parameter. Available formats are shown in the "Acceptable date formats" table of the. For an approximate year, precede with " ", like this: c. 1900. When a source does not have a publication date, use n.d..

Citation Style 1 and 2 templates automatically render dates in the style specified by the article's  or  template. See those templates' documentation for details.

Title
The title of the source will be displayed in italics or "quotes" depending on the type of source. Templates for longer works, like cite book will render the title in italics. Templates for shorter works, like cite journal, will render the title in quotation marks.

The title of the source should be placed in the title parameter. For periodicals or web sources, this will be the name of the individual article. The name of the publication itself belongs in the work parameter. When citing a section within a book or other longer work, use the section parameter. See below:


 * Cite book


 * Cite journal

Work
The work parameter is used in templates that create citations to shorter pieces like articles in a journal, newspaper, magazine, or website. The parameter holds the name of the larger work containing the article. , which is for the publishing company. Some templates have descriptive aliases for the "work":

On websites, in most cases "work" is the name of the website. Do not append ".com" or the like if the site's actual title does not include it (thus Salon, not ). Many journals use highly abbreviated titles when citing other journals because specialists in the field the journal covers usually already know what these abbreviations mean. Our readers usually do not, so these abbreviations should always be expanded. For example, use Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association rather than  for the Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association.

Publisher
The publisher parameter is used for the organization that publishes the source. If the publisher has an article on Wikipedia, the parameter can include a wiki-link to that article, but should never externally link to the publisher's website. If the source is self-published, "self-published" can be placed into the parameter.

The publisher is an optional part of a citation. The type of source and the notability of the publisher are used to determine whether to include it. WP:Citing sources and off-Wikipedia citation guides suggest including the publisher of books. Periodicals, especially scholarly journals, may not need the publisher in the citation. The parameter should not be included for widely-known periodicals or when the publisher is synonymous with the publication; the publication itself will be in the work parameter. For example, the "publisher" parameter should be omitted in these examples:


 * Amazon.&Amazon Inc.
 * The Aberdeen TimesThe Aberdeen Times
 * The New York TimesThe New York Times Company
 * USA TodayGannett Company
 * NatureNature Research

Pages
The templates have several parameters to indicate location within a source. Only one of the parameters listed below can be used in a single citation.


 * p
 * For a single page. For example, using 52 or viii would generate p. 52 or p. viii


 * pp
 * For multiple pages. For example, using 236-239 or 157, 159 would generate pp. 236–239 or pp. 157, 159


 * at
 * For locations that cannot be adequately described in page numbers. Examples include Column 2, Back cover, or Act III, Scene 2. It will rendered as typed so Paragraph 5 generates Paragraph 5, and para. 5 generates para. 5

Non-textual citation templates may accept other in-source location parameters including minutes, time, event, or inset.

Identifiers
A unique identifier is a number, name, or code assigned to one specific version of a specific source. Several types of identifiers can be included within a citation including ISBN, DOI, OCLC, and PMID. Any identifiers are appended to the end of the citation in alphabetic order. They are automatically linked to services that aid in locating the source.

Apply CS1 to a single "Citation" template
By default, the Citation template uses CS2 formatting. To use CS1 formatting, add  to the template's parameters. For example, Citation uses CS2 formatting, but  uses CS1 formatting.

Apply CS1 to all "Citation" templates in an article
Add  to the article, preferably near the top of the page, to apply CS1 formatting to all citations on a page using Module:Citation/CS1.

Tools
CS1 templates may be inserted manually or by use of tools:
 * RefToolbar is part of the the default source code editor. It include a "Templates" menu with cite web, cite journal, cite book, and cite news. When filling out a template from the RefToolbar, select the magnifying glass icon System-search.svg to autofill the template's parameters.
 * The default citation option in the Visual Editor attempts to build a full citation based on a URL or other identifier. It will automatically select a citation template.
 * ProveIt provides an optional graphical interface for editing, adding, and citing references.
 * Citation expander adds a button to pass the current article to the Wikipedia citation bot, a tool that will automatically fill out additional parameter of existing citations.
 * reFill Adds references to templates while updating/filling-in title/dates/publisher/accessdates etc.
 * Zotero can export citations in Wikipedia-ready format.
 * Citer – generates shortened footnote or named reference for a given Google Books URL, ISBN, or DOI. It also supports some major news websites.

Error checking scripts:
 * User:Trappist the monk/HarvErrors is a script that may be enabled to display errors and warnings for potential issues when using shortened footnotes.
 * User:Svick/HarvErrors is very similar, but only shows confirmed errors. It does not warn when a long citation has been added but not linked from a short one (using sfn or harvnb).
 * User:BrandonXLF/CitationStyleMarker highlights inconsistent (CS1 vs CS2) citation styles used in the same article. Only works with templated citations.

Reliability scripts:
 * User:Headbomb/unreliable color codes URLs and DOIs in gray/red/pink/yellow depending on their broad reliability
 * User:Novem Linguae/Scripts/CiteHighlighter color codes URLs and DOIs according to Reliable sources/Perennial sources
 * User:SuperHamster/CiteUnseen adds icons to citations that indicate the type of source

Other:
 * OABOT adds open access links to existing citations
 * User:Nardog/RefRenamer replaces generic named reference names (like ":0") with descriptive names drawn from CS1 parameters (like "Doe-1999")

Common issues

 * access-date does not show.
 * If url is not supplied, then access-date does not show; by design.


 * The bare URL shows before the title.
 * If the title field includes a newline or an invalid character then the link will be malformed; see Web links.


 * The title appears in red.
 * If URL is supplied, then the title cannot be wikilinked.


 * The URL is not linked and shows in brackets.
 * The URL must include the URI scheme in order for MediaWiki to recognize it as a link. For example:  vs..


 * A field is truncated.
 * A pipe in the value will truncate it. Use  instead.


 * The template markup shows.
 * Double open brackets &#91;&#91; are used in a field without closing double brackets &#93;&#93;.


 * The author shows in brackets with an external link icon.
 * The use of an URL in author-link will break the link; this field is for the name of the Wikipedia article about the author, not a website.


 * Multiple author or editor names are defined and one or more does not show
 * The parameters must be used in sequence, i.e. if last or last1 is not defined, then last2 will not show. By design.


 * page, pages or at do not show.
 * These parameters are mutually exclusive, and only one will show; by design.