User:Rloy92/sandbox

Draft to be submitted on Friday 4.6.18
Lydia Folger Fowler (May 5, 1823 – January 26, 1879) was a pioneering American physician, professor of medicine, and activist. She was the second woman in America to earn a medical degree, but the first American born women to earn a medical degree. She is one of the first women in medicine and a prominent women in science.

Family Life
Lydia Folger was born in Nantucket, Massachusetts, in 1823, to Gideon and Eunice Macy Folger, a historic Massachusetts family descended from Peter Foulger (1618-1690). Lydia was the great-great-great-great granddaughter of Peter Foulger and Mary Morrill Foulger. Through them she was the first cousin four times removed of Benjamin Franklin. Other notable family members included her extended cousins Lucretia Coffin Mott and Maria Mitchell and her paternal aunt Phebe Folger Coleman. Lydia was also a member of the Starbuck whaling family of Nantucket through her paternal grandmother Elizabeth Starbuck Folger (April 13, 1738 - 1821). Her mother was notably a member of the Macy family of Nantucket whose descendants would later found Macy's department stores.

Folger married Lorenzo Niles Fowler, a phrenologist, on September 19, 1844, after meeting him at the house of her paternal uncle. That uncle, Walter Folger, Jr., was an "eccentric and famous astronomer-navigator in Nantucket". Lorenzo Fowler and his brother, Orson Squire Fowler, were well-known phrenologists; the New York Times noted in Lorenzo Fowler's obituary that "Prof. Fowler examined the heads of many distinguished men, among them Charles Dickens, Edgar Allan Poe, William Cullen Bryant, Baron Rothschild, Li Hung Chang, and Sir Henry Irving."

Lydia and Lorenzo had three daughters. Two daughters, Amelia (b. 1846) and Lydia (b. 1850), died young. The third daughter, Jessie Allen Fowler (b. 1856 or 1860), was also a phrenologist. Jessie Fowler was the honorary secretary of the British Women's Temperance Association, and succeeded her mother in that position.

Education
Folger attended the Wheaton Female Seminary (Massachusetts) when she was 16 years old, and began teaching there in 1842 at the age of 20. Lydia Folger and Lorenzo Fowler would attend conferences and lecture tours together. Lydia Folger would generally address female audiences. This time also marked the beginning of her writing career, as she published her first two books in 1847: Familiar Lessons on Physiology and Familiar Lessons on Phrenology. After establishing a lecturing and writing career, she began medical school and earned an M.D. from Central Medical College in Syracuse, New York in 1850, one of eight women entering the first coed medical school in the country. Fellow students included Myra King Merrick and Sarah Adamson Dolley. At the time, the eclectic medical school was the only school to offer admission to women. Eclectic medicine became popular with those seeking to avoid the harsher methods of then-current professional medicine, such as bloodletting. Central Medical College then dissolved in 1852. Lydia Folger Fowler graduated as only the second woman in America to earn a medical degree, following Elizabeth Blackwell in 1849. Fowler was, in fact, the first American-born woman to earn a medical degree, and also the first woman to appear before a male medical society.

Career and Professional Involvement
She then went on to practice medicine in New York from 1852 to 1860, and later joined the faculty of Rochester Eclectic Medical College, becoming the first woman professor in a professional American medical school. During her time practicing, she conducted many gynecological exams and held her own surgery practice geared towards homeopathic practices.

Folger was also active in women's rights organizations, and participated in the Seneca Falls Convention and presided over the Women's Grand Temperance Demonstration in Metropolitan Hall. Elizabeth Cady Stanton later dedicated The History of Woman Suffrage (1881) to Folger. Fowler also frequently lectured to audiences, primarily women, on matters of hygiene and health. The New York Tribune in 1855 described one of Fowler's lectures, to a P.T. Barnum-sponsored program on motherhood:


 * She was dressed in a very broadly striped silk, which was anything but a bloomer. Her hair was done up in a French twist with curls in front. Her face is pleasant, she has sunny blue eyes and a sweet mouth. She waved an elegantly embroidered handkerchief as she read her lecture. Quite a number of the little exhibited [babies] were present and contributed their full share to the festivities, at times almost drowning her voice, which is scarcely strong enough for a lecturer.

The Fowlers moved to London in 1863, and Fowler became active in the British Women's Temperance Association, as well as continuing her work practicing medicine and teaching women about health, education, and parenting. Fowler became ill in late 1878 and died on January 26, 1879. Fowler is buried at Highgate Cemetery in London (Plot 23701).

Publications

 * Young adult audience


 * Familiar Lessons on Physiology (1847, Fowler and Wells)
 * Familiar Lessons on Phrenology (1847, Fowler and Wells)
 * Familiar Lessons on Astronomy (1848)


 * Treatises and Lectures on Health


 * The Pet of the Household and How to Save It: Comprisedof [sic] Twelve Lectures on Physiology (1865) (a childrearing manual comprising a dozen of Fowler's lectures on childcare)
 * Woman, Her Destiny and Maternal Relations; Or, Hints to the Single and Married (1864) (a feminist treatise)
 * How to talk – the Tongue and the Language of Nature (1864)
 * How to Preserve the Skin and Increase Personal Beauty (1864)
 * How, When, and Where to Sleep (186?)
 * The Brain and Nervous System: How to Secure their Healthy Action (186?)
 * The Eye and Ear, and How to Preserve Them (186?)
 * How to Secure a Healthy Spine and Vigorous Muscles (1864).


 * Fiction and poetry


 * Nora: The Lost and Redeemed (1863 temperance novel)
 * Heart-Melodies (1870 book of poetry)

Article Evaluation

 * Is everything in the article relevant to the article topic? Is there anything that distracted you?
 * Everything present was relevant, but the coverage of topics was not uniform. Some of what was discussed in depth was very distracting from the main topic. The biography section starts off and give lots of information about her family and relatives. Although this is good accurate information, it distracts from the main point of her background.
 * Is the article neutral? Are there any claims, or frames, that appear heavily biased toward a particular position?
 * The article is neutral, but doesn't cover much of what she did for the field of medicine.
 * I thought it was odd that they never added the MD to the end of her name. Most other articles (even of early women doctors) have the MD after their name.
 * Are there viewpoints that are overrepresented, or underrepresented?
 * There wasn't much information about her actual practicing of medicine. The article also mentions event she took part in (Seneca Falls Convention) but does not discuss what she actually did in those events.
 * Check a few citations. Do the links work? Does the source support the claims in the article?
 * Yes, all the ones I check worked and were relevant to the claims.
 * Is each fact referenced with an appropriate, reliable reference? Where does the information come from? Are these neutral sources? If biased, is that bias noted?
 * The sources appear to be academic and reliable.
 * Is any information out of date? Is anything missing that could be added?
 * Most are the sources are old, could look into finding any newer publications. Would like to add more about her practicing of medicine and what she did when she attended the events already mentioned in the article.
 * Check out the Talk page of the article. What kinds of conversations, if any, are going on behind the scenes about how to represent this topic?
 * There is nothing in the talk page.
 * How is the article rated? Is it a part of any WikiProjects?
 * Rated as a Start-Class, and not yet rated on the importance scale. It is part of the WikiProject Biography and WikiProject Women writers. The article is also supported by the science and academia work group.
 * Categories: start-class biography article, start-class biography (science and academia articles), unkown-importance biography (science and academia) articles; Start-class women writes articles; unknown-importance women writers articles; wikiProject women writers articles

Sources (pulled from google document that was started on Wed. 3/7/18)
Basically everything/anything in this search:

http://mst.summon.serialssolutions.com/search?s.fvf%5B%5D=ContentType%2CNewspaper+Article%2Ct&keep_r=true&s.q=lydia+folger+fowler#!/search?ho=t&fvf=ContentType,Newspaper%20Article,t&l=en&q=lydia%20folger%20fowler

These are some in that search that I randomly chose to start researching in.

“The biographical dictionary of women in science ; pioneering lives from ancient times to the mid-20th century”

http://laurel.lso.missouri.edu/record=b4442140&searchscope=5

“Able-Bodied Womanhood : Personal Health and Social Change in Nineteenth-Century Boston”

https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.libproxy.mst.edu/lib/umr-ebooks/reader.action?docID=270912&query= “Vital Force : Women in American Homeopathy”
 * Have to log in through the library/ be on school computers

https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.libproxy.mst.edu/lib/umr-ebooks/reader.action?docID=3032098&query=

Profound Science and Elegant Literature: Imagining Doctors in Nineteenth-Century America

https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.libproxy.mst.edu/lib/umr-ebooks/reader.action?docID=3442212&query=

Oxford Dictionary of National Biography

http://www.oxforddnb.com.libproxy.mst.edu/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-55221;jsessionid=0BC3F816556CD53F73539F109CE30EFB

Drafting (pulled from Google document that was started on Wed. 3/7/18) *Rachel O'Neal*
Outline of Things to add: Rloy92 (talk) 17:47, 9 March 2018 (UTC)
 * 1) Family
 * 2) Add information to relationship with husband. Current article just states who it is. There is more information about how they collaborated and attended medical conferences together on the Oxford Dictionary of National Biographies.
 * 3) She would accompany her husband on lecture tours and address a female audience. This also became the start of her writing career (published two books this same year and one the following). Then began to study medicine at Central Medical College.
 * 4) Third daughter (Jessie Allen Fowler) succeeded her mother as honorary secretary of the British Women’s Temperance Association and assisted her father in his work.
 * 5) Add information to the positions she had at Central Medical College.
 * 6) Professor of midwifery and disease of women and children (Central Medical College 1851-2)
 * 7) Then practiced medicine in New York (present in current article). Add details: 1853-60, daily surgery of homoeopathic therapies. During this time also promoted a medical education for women and would give private lectures and would speak out on her views of the necessity of women physicians.
 * 8) More information on her involvement in her advocacy for women's rights
 * 9) Secretary of national conventions in 1852-3
 * 10) Presiding officer of the Woman’s Grad Temperance Demonstration at Metropolitan Hall, New York (February 1853)
 * 11) Moved to Britain in 1863
 * 12) Opened office in Cook’s Building at 107 Fleet Street, London
 * 13) Lydia lectured and writing
 * 14) Ineligible to practice medicine (1858 Medical Act) ***current article says she was practicing medicine***
 * 15) 1863 published novel and pamphlets based on her lectures
 * 16) Became member of the Congregational City Temple at High Holborn, Lydia served the community as one of the Temple’s district visitors
 * 17) Held position of honorary secretary of the British Women’s Temperance Association
 * 18) Death: dies on January 26, 1879 of pneumonia in London
 * 19) New York Times ‘remarkable for the dignity of her manner’

Copied From Biography Section of Lydia Folger Fowler Article *Rachel O'Neal*
Lydia Folger was born in Nantucket, Massachusetts, in 1822, to Gideon and Eunice Macy Folger, a historic Massachusetts family descended from Peter Foulger (1618-1690). Lydia was the great-great-great-great granddaughter of Peter Foulger and Mary Morrill Foulger, through them she was the first cousin four times removed of Benjamin Franklin. Other notable family members included her extended cousins Lucretia Coffin Mott and Maria Mitchell and her paternal aunt Phebe Folger Coleman. Lydia was also a member of the Starbuck whaling family of Nantucket through her paternal grandmother Elizabeth Starbuck Folger (April 13, 1738 - 1821). Her mother was notably a member of the Macy family of Nantucket whose descendants would later found Macy's department stores.

Folger married Lorenzo Niles Fowler, a phrenologist, on September 19, 1844, after meeting him at the house of her paternal uncle, Walter Folger, Jr., an "eccentric and famous astronomer-navigator in Nantucket". The couple had three daughters. Two daughters, Amelia (b. 1846) and Lydia (b. 1850), died young; the third daughter, Jessie Allen Fowler (b. 1856 or 1860), was born in 1860 and was, like her father, also a phrenologist. Like his brother, Orson Squire Fowler, Lorenzo Fowler was a well-known phrenologist; the New York Times noted in his obituary that "Prof. Fowler examined the heads of many distinguished men, among them Charles Dickens, Edgar Allan Poe, William Cullen Bryant, Baron Rothschild, Li Hung Chang, and Sir Henry Irving." Lydia Folger and Lorenzo Fowler would attend conferences and lecture tours together. Lydia Folger would address female audiences during this time. This also marked the beginning of her writing career, as she published her first two books in 1847: Familiar Lessons on Physiology and Familiar Lessons on Phrenology. Rloy92 (talk) 17:47, 9 March 2018 (UTC)

Copied From Biography Section of Lydia Folger Fowler Article *Rebecca Johnson*
Folger married Lorenzo Niles Fowler, a phrenologist, on September 19, 1844, after meeting him at the house of her paternal uncle, Walter Folger, Jr., an "eccentric and famous astronomer-navigator in Nantucket". The couple had three daughters. Two daughters, Amelia (b. 1846) and Lydia (b. 1850), died young; the third daughter, Jessie Allen Fowler (b. 1856 or 1860), was born in 1860 and was, like her father, also a phrenologist. Jessie was the honorary secretary of the British Women's Temperance Association, and succeeded her mother in that position. Like his brother, Orson Squire Fowler, Lorenzo Fowler was a well-known phrenologist; the New York Times noted in his obituary that "Prof. Fowler examined the heads of many distinguished men, among them Charles Dickens, Edgar Allan Poe, William Cullen Bryant, Baron Rothschild, Li Hung Chang, and Sir Henry Irving." Rhjohn0909 (talk) 17:53, 9 March 2018 (UTC)

Original Biography Section of Lydia Folger Fowler Article for Edits
Folger married Lorenzo Niles Fowler, a phrenologist, on September 19, 1844, after meeting him at the house of her paternal uncle, Walter Folger, Jr., an "eccentric and famous astronomer-navigator in Nantucket". The couple had three daughters. Two daughters, Amelia (b. 1846) and Lydia (b. 1850), died young; the third daughter, Jessie Allen Fowler (b. 1856 or 1860), was born in 1860 and was, like her father, also a phrenologist. Jessie was the honorary secretary of the British Women's Temperance Association, and succeeded her mother in that position. Like his brother, Orson Squire Fowler, Lorenzo Fowler was a well-known phrenologist; the New York Times noted in his obituary that "Prof. Fowler examined the heads of many distinguished men, among them Charles Dickens, Edgar Allan Poe, William Cullen Bryant, Baron Rothschild, Li Hung Chang, and Sir Henry Irving." Lydia Folger and Lorenzo Fowler would attend conferences and lecture tours together. Lydia Folger would address female audiences during this time. This also marked the beginning of her writing career, as she published her first two books in 1847: Familiar Lessons on Physiology and Familiar Lessons on Phrenology.

Peer Review by User:Csrfpz
The original article lacks many references and details about Ms. Folger’s life that could be beneficial to the article. Although Rachel’s section article includes two paragraphs, including the same paragraph Rebecca has chosen, I am going to assume that Rachel is working more on the well-roundedness of the article while Rebecca’s focus is on a single section. Rachel’s outline has many points of good information to help expand on some areas. Since the information has not yet been added to the article to read in draft form, it will be interesting to see what further information can be added to give the article a better-rounded picture. Rebecca’s section of choice focuses on Ms. Folger’s marriage, children, and how their careers intertwined. In my opinion, the section is a bit jumbled to read. The jump from the children to the mention of the husband’s works to the beginning of Ms. Folger’s writing career is too much unrelated information to have in one paragraph. My first suggestion is to change the sentence “Like his brother, Orson Squire Fowler, Lorenzo Fowler was a well-known phrenologist;” to “Lorenzo Fowler, like his brother Orson Squire Fowler, was a well-known phrenologist.” This is to draw a line between the children and the husband. In the previous sentence, the daughter Jessie was being discussed and then there was a sudden change to a brother. At first this confused me as to whose brother until I read the sentence as a standalone instead of a continuation. With mentioning the father first, it brings the mind back to a previous name instead of introducing a new one first, letting the brain make the break. My second suggestion is to separate her works done, such as publications, and her family. I feel like the two should be separate paragraphs with plenty of information for both. My third suggestion is to add citations to your newly added work even if you are not done writing about the topic. This would allow people to see from what source this information is being gathered.

Response to peer review
Looking at the peer review, the individual left a few good points that we are currently evaluating and hope to include in our final additions. As to the suggestions to include the sources and cite our additions, we agree. We are currently in the process of tracking down firm sources for these additions as we found them in a different encyclopedia source and we would like to include the original sources. We also agree that the section is jumpy to read. We are waiting to see what more information we can find and add and then will rearrange the sections based on that information. We also like the suggestion to make a separate section for her publications. We will incorporating that change. The section that is jumpy to read is because we were yet able to gather information on all the different family members. Once we get more time and can separate the family members and their contributions to her life, we'll we will break it up and make it more sensible.

Plan for draft due on Friday 4/6/18
Add a family section
 * 1) put paragraph 1 and 2 into this section
 * 2) who they were, how they affected her
 * 3) in paragraph 2, rearrange to talk about husband first, and then children

Add education and career section
 * 1) a few sub sections of education, career, professional involvements

Rename section "selected works" to "Publications"

Move link to "women in science" somewhere else

To Add:
Lydia Folger Fowler's wrote her two-volume work (Familiar lessons on physiology and Familiar lessons on phrenology) as a way to teach other women how to teach phrenology to children. Lydia gave many presentations where she would direct teachers and parents on how to teach their children to know themselves, as she believed children could work towards self-improvement with guidence.

Lydia practiced medicine with the outlook that science could improve female roles as children's caretakers. She used her knowledge gained through her medical education to help others overcome the obstacles

Lydia Folger Fowler also gave herself the nickname of "Mrs. L. N. Fowler" to incorporate the initials of her husband into her name.