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Basalt fiber From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Basalt fiber is a material made from extremely fine fibers of basalt, which is composed of the minerals plagioclase, pyroxene, and olivine. It is similar to carbon fiber and fiberglass, having better physicomechanical properties than fiberglass, but being significantly cheaper than carbon fiber. It is used as a fireproof textile in the aerospace and automotive industries and can also be used as a composite to produce products such as camera tripods.

Contents

1 Manufacture 2 Properties 3 History 4 Uses 5 References 6 External links

Manufacture

Basalt fiber is made from a single material, crushed basalt, from a carefully chosen quarry source and unlike other materials such as glass fiber, essentially no materials are added. The basalt is simply washed and then melted.[1]

The manufacture of basalt fiber requires the melting of the quarried basalt rock at about 1,400 °C (2,550 °F). The molten rock is then extruded through small nozzles to produce continuous filaments of basalt fiber. There are three main manufacturing techniques, which are centrifugal-blowing, centrifugal-multiroll and die-blowing. The fibers typically have a filament diameter of between 9 and 13 µm which is far enough above the respiratory limit of 5 µm to make basalt fiber a suitable replacement for asbestos. They also have a high elastic modulus, resulting in excellent specific strength—three times that of steel.[verification needed] Properties Property 	Value[2] Tensile strength 	4.84 GPa Elastic modulus 	89 GPa Elongation at break 	3.15% Density 	2.7 g/cm³

Comparison: Material 	Density (g/cm³) 	Tensile strength (GPa) 	Specific strength 	Elastic modulus (GPa) 	Specific modulus Steel re-bar 	7.85 	0.5 	0.0667 	210 	26.7 A-glass 	2.46 	3.31 	1.35 	69 	28.0 C-glass 	2.46 	3.31 	1.35 	69 	28.0 E-glass 	2.60 	3.45 	1.33 	76 	29.2 S-2 glass 	2.49 	4.83 	1.94 	97 	39.0 Silicon 	2.16 	0.206–0.412 	0.0954–0.191 Quartz 	2.2 	0.3438 	0.156 Carbon fiber (large) 	1.74 	3.62 	2.08 	228 	131 Carbon fiber (medium) 	1.80 	5.10 	2.83 	241 	134 Carbon fiber (small) 	1.80 	6.21 	3.45 	297 	165 Kevlar K-29 	1.44 	3.62 	2.51 	41.4 	28.8 Kevlar K-149 	1.47 	3.48 	2.37 Polypropylene 	0.91 	0.27-0.65 	0.297–0.714 	38 	41.7 Polyacrylonitrile 	1.18 	0.50-0.91 	0.424–0.771 	75 	63.6 Basalt fiber 	2.65 	4.15–4.80 	1.57–1.81 	100–110 	37.7–41.5

[citation needed] History

The first attempts to produce basalt fiber were made in the United States in 1923 by Paul Dhe who was granted U.S. Patent 1,462,446. These were further developed after World War II by researchers in the USA, Europe and the Soviet Union especially for military and aerospace applications. Since declassification in 1995 basalt fibers have been used in a wider range of civilian applications. Uses

Heat protection Friction materials High pressure vessels (e.g. tanks and gas cylinders) Load bearing profiles Windmill blades Lamp posts Ship hulls Car bodies Sports equipment Concrete reinforcement (e.g. for bridges and buildings) Speaker cones Cavity wall ties