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Artist From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For other uses, see Artist (disambiguation).

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, German artist known for his works of poetry, drama, prose, philosophy, visual arts, and science. An artist is a person engaged in one or more of any of a broad spectrum of activities related to creating art, practicing the arts, and/or demonstrating an art. The common usage in both everyday speech and academic discourse is a practitioner in the visual arts only. The term is often used in the entertainment business, especially in a business context, for musicians and other performers (less often for actors). "Artiste" (the French for artist) is a variant used in English only in this context. Use of the term to describe writers, for example, is certainly valid, but less common, and mostly restricted to contexts like criticism. Contents [hide] 1 Dictionary definitions 2 History of the term 3 The present day concept of an 'artist' 4 Examples of art and artists 5 See also 6 Notes 7 References Dictionary definitions[edit source | editbeta]

Wiktionary defines the noun 'artist' (Singular: artist; Plural: artists) as follows: A person who creates art. A person who creates art as an occupation. A person who is skilled at some activity. The Oxford English Dictionary defines the older broad meanings of the term "artist": A learned person or Master of Arts One who pursues a practical science, traditionally medicine, astrology, alchemy, chemistry A follower of a pursuit in which skill comes by study or practice A follower of a manual art, such as a mechanic One who makes their craft a fine art One who cultivates one of the fine arts – traditionally the arts presided over by the muses A definition of Artist from Princeton.edu: creative person (a person whose creative work shows sensitivity and imagination). History of the term[edit source | editbeta]

Although the Greek word "techně" is often mistranslated as "art," it actually implies mastery of any sort of craft. The Latin-derived form of the word is "tecnicus", from which the English words technique, technology, technical are derived. In Greek culture each of the nine Muses oversaw a different field of human creation: Calliope (the 'beautiful of speech'): chief of the muses and muse of epic or heroic poetry Clio (the 'glorious one'): muse of history Erato (the 'amorous one'): muse of love or erotic poetry, lyrics, and marriage songs Euterpe (the 'well-pleasing'): muse of music and lyric poetry Melpomene (the 'chanting one'): muse of tragedy Polyhymnia or Polymnia (the '[singer] of many hymns'): muse of sacred song, oratory, lyric, singing, and rhetoric Terpsichore (the '[one who] delights in dance'): muse of choral song and dance Thalia (the 'blossoming one'): muse of comedy and bucolic poetry Urania (the 'celestial one'): muse of astronomy No muse was identified with the visual arts of painting and sculpture. In ancient Greece sculptors and painters were held in low regard, somewhere between freemen and slaves, their work regarded as mere manual labour.[1] The word art is derived from the Latin "ars", which, although literally defined, means "skill method" or "technique", holds a connotation of beauty. During the Middle Ages the word artist already existed in some countries such as Italy, but the meaning was something resembling craftsman, while the word artesan was still unknown. An artist was someone able to do a work better than others, so the skilled excellency was underlined, rather than the activity field. In this period some "artisanal" products (such as textiles) were much more precious and expensive than paintings or sculptures. The first division into major and minor arts dates back to Leon Battista Alberti's works (De re aedificatoria, De statua, De pictura), focusing the importance of intellectual skills of the artist rather than the manual skills (even if in other forms of art there was a project behind).[2] With the Academies in Europe (second half of 16th century) the gap between fine and applied arts was definitely set. Many contemporary definitions of "artist" and "art" are highly contingent on culture, resisting aesthetic prescription, in much the same way that the features constituting beauty and the beautiful, cannot be standardized easily without corruption into kitsch. The present day concept of an 'artist'[edit source | editbeta]

Artist is a descriptive term applied to a person who engages in an activity deemed to be an art. An artist also may be defined unofficially as "a person who expresses him- or herself through a medium". The word is also used in a qualitative sense of, a person creative in, innovative in, or adept at, an artistic practice. Most often, the term describes those who create within a context of the fine arts or 'high culture', activities such as drawing, painting, sculpture, acting, dancing, writing, filmmaking, new media, photography, and music—people who use imagination, talent, or skill to create works that may be judged to have an aesthetic value. Art historians and critics define artists as those who produce art within a recognized or recognizable discipline. Contrasting terms for highly-skilled workers in media in the applied arts or decorative arts include artisan, craftsman, and specialized terms such as potter, goldsmith or glassblower. Fine arts artists such as painters succeeded in the Renaissance in raising their status, formerly similar to these workers, to a decisively higher level, but in the 20th century the distinction became rather less relevant[citation needed]. The term may also be used loosely or metaphorically to denote highly skilled people in any non-"art" activities, as well— law, medicine, mechanics, or mathematics, for example. Often, discussions on the subject focus on the differences among "artist" and "technician", "entertainer" and "artisan", "fine art" and "applied art", or what constitutes art and what does not. The French word artiste (which in French, simply means "artist") has been imported into the English language where it means a performer (frequently in Music Hall or Vaudeville). Use of the word "artiste" can also be a pejorative term.[3] The English word 'artiste' has thus a narrower range of meaning than the word 'artiste' in French. Examples of art and artists[edit source | editbeta]

Abstract Art: Wassily Kandinsky Abstract expressionism: Jackson Pollock Action painting: Willem de Kooning Actor: Marlon Brando Actress: Greta Garbo Animation: Chuck Jones Appropriation art: Marcel Duchamp Architect: I.M. Pei Art Deco: Erté Art Nouveau: Louis Comfort Tiffany Assemblage: Joseph Cornell Ballet: Margot Fonteyn Baroque Art: Caravaggio BioArt: Hunter Cole Calligraphy: Rudolf Koch Cartoons: Carl Barks Caricature: Honoré Daumier Ceramic art: Peter Voulkos Choreography: Martha Graham Collage: Hannah Höch Color Field: Mark Rothko Colorist: Josef Albers Comics: Will Eisner Composing: Giuseppe Verdi Conceptual art: Sol LeWitt Cubism: Pablo Picasso Dada: Man Ray Dance: Isadora Duncan Decollage: Mimmo Rotella Design: Arne Jacobsen Digital art: David Em Doll Maker: Greer Lankton Etching: Csaba Markus Expressionism: Edvard Munch Fashion design: Yves Saint Laurent Fashion illustration: Joel Resnicoff Fauvist: Henri Matisse Fiction writing: Virginia Woolf Film directing: Jean-Luc Godard Fluxus: George Maciunas Fumage: Burhan Dogancay Game design: Peter Molyneux Geometric abstraction: Piet Mondrian Genius: Leonardo da Vinci Graphic design: Milton Glaser Happening: Allan Kaprow Hard-edge painting: Theo van Doesburg Horticulture: André le Nôtre Illustrations: Quentin Blake Impressionist: Claude Monet Industrial design: Frank Lloyd Wright Installation art: Christo and Jeanne-Claude Instrumental performance: André Rieu Internet art: Aaron Koblin Jewelry: Fabergé Landscape architecture: Frederick Law Olmsted Landscape art: John Constable Light art: Dan Flavin Mail art: Ray Johnson Minimalist art: Donald Judd Mosaics: Elaine M Goodwin Murals: Diego Rivera Musical instrument assemblage: Stradivari Musician: John Lennon Neo-impressionism: Paul Signac New Media art: Ken Feingold