User:Rossche/Sandbox



Tasikmalaya Regency rossch&eacute;  talk&eacute;  09:45, 9 January 2011 (UTC) (pronounced ) (Kabupaten Tasikmalaya) is a regency in the province of West Java, Indonesia. Located in the southeastern region of Priangan (Preanger), the Regency is by far the biggest and the most important regency in East Preanger (Priangan Timur). Most region of the Regency features green fields, predominantly occupied by agriculture and forestry, and farmers settled as the majority of its population. Tasikmalaya regency is well known for its handicrafts (kerajinan anyaman), salak (zalacca), whilst nasi tutug oncom (hot steamed rice mixed with oncom) known as the Regency's famous dish. The Regency is also known as a major religious centre in West Java, which has more than 800 pesantren (traditional Islamic boarding schools).

Toponomy
Whilst the single word of the name does not convey any apparent meaning in its local languages, many believe that the name Tasikmalaya means either "a large area of sand" or "a large area of mountains". It presumed to begin at Sukapura. This place previously called Tawang-Galunggung. Tawang means paddy fields (pasawahan, persawahan) or literary, "a wide range of an open space". As Mount Galunggung erupted afterwards, the plain of Sukapura became mountainous or hilly. Thereby, Tasikmalaya is believed to be either derived from a conflation of Sundanese language tasik and (ma)layah, meaning, literally, "an ocean of hills", or from Sundanese language tasik, jeung, and laya, meaning "large tracts of sand" (keusik ngalayah, hamparan pasir). Other believed that the name is also defined as "an ocean of hills" but with different theory, that Tasikmalaya is adopted from Sundanese language tasik (lake, sea), and malaya (a chain of mountains or highlands). However, there is not such a certain information of when the name was first originated.

Ancient origins
As from the 7th century to the 8th, there was living in this Regency, a known realm with an unknown form of governance that had its central located nearby Mount Galunggung. This realm has a power of authority to officiate coronations for heads of particular kingdoms, namely for the sovereigns of Galuh Kingdom. The rulers of the realm who charged during those centuries were Batara Semplakwaja, Batara Kuncung Putih, Batara Kawindu, Batara Wastuhayu, and the last, to whom this governance later changed into monarchy, is Batari Hyang.

This Kingdom was named Galunggung, taken from the name of the mountain where the kingdom resides. According to Geger Hanjuang inscription, this kingdom was established on 13th Bhadrapada 1033 Shaka or 21 August 1111, and Batari Hyang was the first Galunggung Kingdom's accession to the throne. The Queen owned a famous teaching, known as Sang Hyang Siksakanda ng Kareksian. This teaching of Batari Hyang was still used as an official doctrine in the era of Prabu Siliwangi who reigns Pakuan Pajajaran. The Kingdom of Galunggung was lasted to its next sixth ruler, each from its hereditary succession.

Modern period
Further events in the course of the Regency's history, are when the future governance of Tasikmalaya Regency, Sukakerta, was facing an opportunity to secede from its sovereign ruler, Pajajaran Kingdom. Prabu Surawisesa, the new succeeding king Sri Baduga Maharaja Prabu Siliwangi, was ruled Pajajaran Kingdom at that time. His Kingdom was encountered an expansive threat from Banten Sultanate and Demak. This expansion had initiated the lower region to secede from the Kingdom. However, Sukakerta, is believed, to had already been liberated itself from Pajajaran.

Other focal events happened after a 10 years-long fight in the region of Priangan. It was when three major forces (Mataram, Banten, and VOC) having conflicts in the island of Java in the early 17th century. Wirawangsa as the head of Sukakerta, was assigned as the Regent of Sukapura and was honoured a nobility name of Wiradadaha the first by Sultan Agung of Mataram. Upon the promotion of its leader, the regency changed its name to Sukapura and the capital of the regency, where earlier located at Dayeuh tengah, was moved to Leuwiloa, Sukaraja.

Years later, under the governance of Raden Tumenggung Surialaga (1813-1814) the capital of the regency was brought to Tasikmalaya, but in 1832, under the governance of Wiradadaha the eighth, its capital was moved to Manonjaya. Next, after some consideration, particularly economically, the capital of the regency was again switched back to Tasikmalaya. In 1913, the name of the Regency, Sukapura, was finally changed hereafter into Tasikmalaya by the government regent R.A.A Wiratanuningrat (1908-1937).

The date of August 21st has been assigned to be the date of Tasikmalaya Regency's anniversary, following the fact revealed on the Geger Hanjuang inscription. The inscription, as it tells, had been made to mark the establishment of the Kingdom of Galunggung and as the mark of the inauguration of its first sovereign, Queen Batari Hyang. The inscription tells that the Kingdom was established on 21 August 1111, as well as the Queen's inauguration.

Government Regent History (1641 to 1937)

 * 1641-1674 : Raden Ngabehi Wirawangsa (the Raden Tumenggung Wiradadaha I)
 * 1674     : Raden Jayamanggala (the Raden Tumenggung Wiradadaha II)
 * 1674-1723 : Raden Anggadipa I (the Raden Tumenggung Wiradadaha III)
 * 1723-1745 : Raden Subamanggala (the Raden Tumenggung Wiradadaha IV)
 * 1745-1747 : Raden Secapati (the Raden Tumenggung Wiradadaha V)
 * 1747-1765 : Raden Jaya Anggadireja (the Raden Tumenggung Wiradadaha VI)
 * 1765-1807 : Raden Djayamanggala II (the Raden Tumenggung Wiradadaha VII)
 * 1807-1837 : Raden Anggadipa II (the Raden Tumenggung Wiradadaha VIII)
 * 1837-1844 : Raden Tumenggung Danudiningrat
 * 1844-1855 : R. T. Wiratanubaya
 * 1855-1875 : R. T. Wiraadegdana
 * 1875-1901 : R. T. Wirahadiningrat
 * 1901-1908 : R. T. Prawirahadingrat
 * 1908-1937 : R. T. Wiratanuningrat

Governance
The Regency of Tasikmalaya is divided into 39 local Subdistricts (Kecamatan, Kacamatan) and Singaparna resides as the Regency's capital subdistrict. These 39 Subdistricts are subdivided into total of 351 villages.

Geography
The land of the Regency is predominantly hilly, especially in the southern area of the Regency. Some are mountainous, as appeared in the northwestern part where Galunggung highlands reside. It is only 13.05% of the region of where its low-lying areas are elevated from zero to 200 metres. Whilst an average medium of elevation of the regency is 200 to 500 metres. The rests are elevated into the highest point of Mount Galunggung 2,168 metres.

The Regency is traversed by volcanic chains of Java island, where land naturally grants rich and fertile soil, and provides an abundance of water resources. Tasikmalaya Regency is lied on its low-cavity mountainside, which supplies the Regency more rainfall catchment and water absorption area. These advantages are supported by the Regency's tropical rainforest climate where the region experiences heavy rainfall.

Climate
Like the rest of the Preanger region, the climate of Tasikmalaya Regency is normally a tropical rainforest climate. It receives an average annual precipitation of 2.072 mm. Although it experiences heavy rainfall but the Regency gets considerably an equable amount of heat. The average daily temperature of the regency are mildly varied, it ranges from 20° to 34° C at lowland areas and 18° to 22° C at the upland areas.

Location
Tasikmalaya Regency comprises an area of 2,563.35 sq km. It is bounded on the east by Garut Regency, marked by Galunggung highlands from southwest along to the northwest. Far to the north, the Regency borders with Majalengka Regency and continued to the southeast with Ciamis Regency. In addition, the Regency shares it shape with Tasikmalaya City, which lies off on a small area of the northeastern border. Whilst to the south, Tasikmalaya Regency is circumscribed by Indian Ocean. Tasikmalaya Regency's greatest distance from north to the south is about 75 Km, and about 56,25 Km from east to the west.

Places of interest

 * Ponpes Suryalaya
 * Cakrabuana site
 * Geger sunten site
 * Cipacing hotspring
 * Pamoyanan hotspring
 * Rajapolah handicrafts' centre
 * Mount Galunggung
 * Citiis waterfall
 * KH Z. Mustofa grave
 * Kampung Naga
 * Pamijahan sacred grave
 * Manonjaya mosque
 * Tanjungmalaya
 * Cirahong bridge
 * Gimbal and Cilangkap sites
 * Kabuyutan Ngarantengah site
 * Rd. A. Dewi Sartika grave
 * Sukapura museum
 * Batik of Sukaraja
 * Baginjing grave
 * Cigunung hotspring
 * Bumi Rongsok site
 * Cimanintin waterfall
 * Rangga Wulung cave
 * Cibalong hotspring
 * Cupu Agung cave
 * Hulu Kuya cave
 * Malawang cave
 * Arca and Wayang caves
 * Nyai cave and Ciodeng cave
 * Jesper stone park
 * Karangtawulan beach
 * Cimanuk beach
 * Sindangjaya beach
 * Padabumi beach
 * Kalaparea beach
 * Sheikh Zaenudin sacred grave
 * Garuda Ngupuk
 * Parat cave and Lalay cave
 * Cimaranggi cave
 * Cipatujah beach
 * Cipatujah hotspring
 * Bubujung beach
 * Joglo sacred grave
 * Sarongge cave
 * Ambu Hawuk cave
 * Dengdeng waterfall
 * Sindangkerta/Taman Lengser beach
 * Pamayangsari beach