User:Rschade18/Complex Interdependence

Absence of Hierarchy among Issues
Foreign affairs issues are becoming increasingly crucial regarding complex interdependence. Countries' policies are all interconnected, even if they are merely domestic. Though the policies may appear to address one countries' issues, any laws may have regional and global implications. These implications have encouraged consulting agreements among countries through liberal institutions like the IMF and the European Community. The presence of anarchy allows for international politics to align favorably aligns with domestic issues and laws determined by developed, pluralistic domestic countries.

Liberalism
The Liberal perspective encourages the use of institutions, like the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, in order to encourage cooperation for similar goals. Neoliberals believe that these institutions provide states with absolute gains from complex interdependence while neglecting the idea of power. Cooperation may be achieved through complex relationships among states, limited to the liberal lens. Such cooperation, leads to a peaceful world order among states to provide peace form shared cooperation as long as there are mutual gains. Economic gains through trade and foreign investments negates for any power struggles among states, addressed by liberal theorists. Extending the complex interdependence, especially economically, works to better stabilizes peace among state. Acting outside the complex relationships in means of isolating domestic economies or wars would in turn destabilize peace among states, disrupting world order.

Economic Coercion
The emergence of complex interdependence has created dependency among states, as the liberal theorists described. Yet, the realist take on power can be displayed through the economic imbalance experienced among states to inflict their influence through complex interdependence. Such an example would include how China could use loans to fund a new port in Sri Lanka, knowing that Sri Lanka could not pay due to increasing debt. Later, China collected it for themselves. Through the complex relationships and needs of other states, states may use their own systematical advantage over the states that rely on them more.

Such complex interdependence can be seen as a negative and a positive among states. Often, states may use such relationships for the greater good of themselves or, at times, the greater good of the other. Economic Coercion through complex interdependence can allow the States to ensure a better world order for all states involved and humanity. Jeff D. Colgan discusses the example of climate change reform emerging from economic ties. He considers how China's economic dependency on the United States creates fertile ground to instill climate change policies using a "climate change club" of the United States and the European Union. Any member no in this club would be subject to tariffs from member states, including China, if they don't join. The United States must then decide whether removing economic ties is valuable for them or if maintaining economic relations with China is of more excellent value for all based on the complex interdependence. Such a move displays the ideas of realists in the complex interactions among states.