User:Rsk6400/sandbox

La Campagne antiesclavagiste lancée en 1888 par le Cardinal Lavigerie fut mise à profit. La Conférence antiesclavagiste de Bruxelles en 1890 fournissait une excellente façade éthique et humanitaire à l’entreprise de Léopold II : il fallait, en ouvrant le continent au commerce et à ce qu’on appelait « la » civilisation, le débarrasser de la traite des esclaves qui sévissait par l’Est. Opérant à partir de Zanzibar (actuelle Tanzanie), des marchands arabisés, notamment le célèbre Tippo Tip, s’emparaient de vastes régions à l’est du Congo, d’où ils menaient leurs expéditions esclavagistes. À partir de 1888, Tippo Tip collabora quelque temps avec le gouvernement du Congo avant d’être lâché par celui-ci.

Je passe aussi sur les péripéties de ce régime Léopoldien qui, pour des raisons de rentabilité économique, mit progressivement en place un système impitoyable d’exploitation du caoutchouc et de l’ivoire.

Pages I'm interested in (notes)
Ku, Robert Ji-Song. “Yellow.” Keywords for Asian American Studies, edited by Cathy J. Schlund-Vials et al., NYU Press, 2015, pp. 244–246. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt15r3zv2.65. Accessed 18 Aug. 2020.
 * Mongoloid - Critical assessment in forensics - A century of race - Good at identifying race ? -

scholar, JSTOR Only two results: https://books.google.de/books?hl=en&lr=&id=oxlrUXf7xr4C&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=%22Howard+hypothesis%22&ots=MIN3Awy0xN&sig=wP9k2LKIZahltVAeKa6Sq9_GeRM&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22Howard%20hypothesis%22&f=false and (without mention of George Howard) https://etheses.bham.ac.uk/id/eprint/3329/ Hoepker, Karin. "Frederick Douglass's "The Heroic Slave" - Risk, Fiction, and Insurance in Antebellum America." Amerikastudien / American Studies 60, no. 4 (2015): 441-62. Accessed September 27, 2020. http://www.jstor.org/stable/44071920.
 * Face to Face Bulgaria
 * List of abolitionists
 * Iola Leroy (Themes, characters)
 * African-American_literature (Too much space given to Jacobs)
 * Harriet Jacobs (First sentence of lede more concise - should contain most important things)
 * Louisa Matilda Jacobs (white skin, unmarried)
 * John C. Calhoun
 * Frederick Douglass
 * White people
 * Quatrefages, La race prusienne: Prussians are "Finno-Slavs" (in Brandembourg, West and East Prussia)
 * Names and titles of God in the New Testament - Howard hypothesis has undue covering, WP:FRINGE, WP:COATRACK,
 * Sidney Jellicoe
 * The Kingdom Interlinear Translation of the Greek Scriptures
 * Tetragrammaton

Further ideas for some pages

 * Negroid Trigger, Bruce G. “Coon's Theory on ‘The Origin of Races.’” Anthropologica, vol. 7, no. 2, 1965, pp. 179–187. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/25604656. Accessed 15 July 2020. - https://www.thecrimson.com/article/1963/2/14/controversial-scientist-claims-racial-differences-arose/
 * Consensus on race already in 1994: Nature
 * Politics North Carolina Calls Lee and Jackson "white-supremacist killers"
 * Anti-racist history site


 * Es muy relevante que el mapa ha sido creado por un títere, porque este títere es bloquedo por evasión de bloqueo. Una descripción del usuario se encuentra en en:Wikipedia:Long-term_abuse/WorldCreaterFighter.
 * Además, "todos los artículos deben tener referencias suficientes" (WP:VER), y si una imagen no se puede verificar, no hay otra solución: Debemos eliminarla. La imagen no está correctamente referenciada, porque es . El mismo problema se ve en commons:File:Haplogroup_R1b_(Y-DNA).PNG. En la discución sobre el asunto de eliminarlo, a lo menos dos participiantes que votaron en favor del mapa dijeron que es WP:IO ("original research", "creative process"). En Commons no existe norma que prohiba IO, pero en WP sí hay. Por eso, hay que referenciar cada región del mapa (como por ejemplo, se lo hizo con el mapa commons:File:Languages_Europe.svg o elimar los dos.
 * Un ejemplo para mostrar la importancia de que cada región sea referenciada: Antes del 26 de Augusto el artículo en:Bashkirs usó Haplogroup_R1b_(Y-DNA).PNG para demostrar que los Bashquir viven en una cierta región. Eso puede convertirse facilmente en exigencias políticas, y por eso es importante que las informaciones que nosotros presentamos al lector sean ciertas y verificables.

A certain region of such a map can be used to argue for a certain point of view on national heritage, a highly political issue. A similar map has been used in that way, e.g. in this version of en:Bashkirs. The problem is that the individual regions of the map cannot be attributed to a single source. A similar map has been called OR by participants in this discussion on Commons.

Sources on genetics
Isolation by distance, but with exceptions due to social or religious barriers

"Today, many people assume that humans can be grouped biologically into 'primeval' groups, corresponding to our notion of 'races'... But this long-held view about 'race' has just in the last years been proven wrong."

From Human genetic variation: The lack of discontinuities in genetic distances between human populations, absence of discrete branches in the human species, and striking homogeneity of human beings globally, imply that there is no scientific basis for inferring races or subspecies in humans, and for most traits, there is much more variation within populations than between them. 

Interesting articles

 * How photography adds credibility to pseudo-science: Visualising invisibility: photography and physical anthropology in Norway - quote from the text: "What happens when identification based on inherent, genetically transferred, foolproof racial principles proves defective? To those committed to racial principles, these “inconvenient realities” do not alter the fixation of their principles but rather give rise to attempts to fine tune their distinctions and definitions and to overcome the obstacles in reality. Particularly important is the gradual replacement of physiognomy by internal, often latent, indicators not easily applied to identification and representation (Morris-Reich 2016, 24)."

... and the idea that it weakens Lewontin's disproof of biological race is long since debunked. We have an entire article on it, in fact. (from a reply by Joe Roe)


 * A racist blog - just to know how those people talk


 * Copyvio at Ahmed bin Fahd Al Saud


 * Belgian Anti-Slavery Society - improve using Laqua, Daniel. “The Tensions of Internationalism: Transnational Anti-Slavery in the 1880s and 1890s.” The International History Review, vol. 33, no. 4, 2011, pp. 705–726. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/23240858. Accessed 14 July 2021.

Germans
P.375: debate about "what religions, values, and world views make a German", in: Kranz, Dani. “Changing Measures of the Quantum of Sufficient Germanness: Access to German Citizenship of Children of German/Non-German Parentage, and Children Eligible Under Jus Soli Provisions.” Journal of Comparative Family Studies, vol. 48, no. 3, 2017, pp. 367–379. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/44509034. Accessed 11 Dec. 2020.

Search at JSTOR for: Defining Germanness

p.33: History of definitions, including "völkisch" definition:

Coury, David N. “A Clash of Civilizations? Pegida and the Rise of Cultural Nationalism.” German Politics & Society, vol. 34, no. 4, 2016, pp. 54–67. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/44631787. Accessed 12 Dec. 2020.

NYT on German identity in 2019

"Ethnisch geschlossenes Volksverständnis" as a reason for observation by Verfassungsschutz

Rejection of such an understanding by AfD

French people: share a common French culture, history, and language

Dutch people: They share a common history and culture

Irish people: share a common history and culture

Swedes: who share a common ancestry, culture, history and language

Norwegians: They share a common culture

Italians: Italians share a common culture, history, ancestry and language.

Racism
CNN: Georgia voting law Definitions of races and ethnicities (still in use according to ; see link from "standards")

Sons of Confederate Veterans

 * SPLC
 * "Neo-Confederate": Hale, Grace Elizabeth. “The Lost Cause and the Meaning of History.” OAH Magazine of History, vol. 27, no. 1, 2013, pp. 13–17., www.jstor.org/stable/23489628. Accessed 8 June 2021., page 16
 * UDC larger and more active than SCV, both promoting Lost Cause: Case, Sarah H. “The Historical Ideology of Mildred Lewis Rutherford: A Confederate Historian's New South Creed.” The Journal of Southern History, vol. 68, no. 3, 2002, pp. 599–628. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/3070160. Accessed 8 June 2021., page 602
 * First pages: Short, good summary of Lost Cause. Page 220: SCV neo-Confederate, promoting Lost Cause. Winsboro, Irvin D.S. “The Confederate Monument Movement as a Policy Dilemma for Resource Managers of Parks, Cultural Sites, and Protected Places: Florida as a Case Study.” The George Wright Forum, vol. 33, no. 2, 2016, pp. 217–229., www.jstor.org/stable/44131254. Accessed 8 June 2021.
 * UDC were founded in order to fight against the spirit of reconciliation, Janney, Caroline E. “War over a Shrine of Peace: The Appomattox Peace Monument and Retreat from Reconciliation.” The Journal of Southern History, vol. 77, no. 1, 2011, pp. 91–120. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/27919388. Accessed 8 June 2021., page 101
 * On how to talk about slavery in 1999, funny and shocking examples of the lack of education about slavery and the difficulty to talk about it. Horton, James Oliver. “Presenting Slavery: The Perils of Telling America's Racial Story.” The Public Historian, vol. 21, no. 4, 1999, pp. 19–38. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/3379471. Accessed 8 June 2021.
 * On how to talk about slavery in 1999, funny and shocking examples of the lack of education about slavery and the difficulty to talk about it. Horton, James Oliver. “Presenting Slavery: The Perils of Telling America's Racial Story.” The Public Historian, vol. 21, no. 4, 1999, pp. 19–38. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/3379471. Accessed 8 June 2021.


 * Modern display of the Confederate battle flag, see New York Times

Blight
S.86: Democrats regain power in North Car., election hinged in part on resistance against federal enforcement of black civil rights S.214: Geburt des Lost Cause aus Lees Kapitulationsansprache S.271: Lee fought for slavery S.382: Lost Cause as "historical fiction"

Guelzo S.50: Colonization promised to eliminate both slavery and blacks S.181: Lincoln wants colonization S.336: Lee wants to see slavery abolished at the right time, but feels that the right time will never come in the foreseeable future

Harriet Jacobs
Grandmother

Uncle Benjamin / Joseph.

Aunt Betty

Theme: Northern racism

Names and titles of God in the New Testament
Howard hypothesis deleted

I deleted the sections on Howard's hypothesis for the following reasons:
 * The title of this article is Names and titles of God in the New Testament, not "Howard hypothesis". But most of the article was about the "Howard hypothesis", this is WP:COATRACK.
 * A WP article should follow the mainstream, in this case the mainstream of biblical scholarship, see WP:MAINSTREAM. A search for, JSTOR renders five results, none of them connected with the Bible. At scholar there are more results, two of them connected with the Bible, but not with George Howard.
 * WP:NPOV forbids ample coverarge of a small minority view.

Crimea
Academic researchers note that it's Russian propaganda which characterizes Euromaidan as a coup, and the actual military coup was performed by Russia in Ukrainian Crimea on the 27th February 2014, when Russian military seized Crimean parliament and government buildings and replaced Ukrainian elected officials with Russian-controlled figures.

After the overthrow of the highly corrupt regime of Russian-leaning president Viktor Yanukovych in the Revolution of Dignity in 2014, the Russian president Vladimir Putin