User:RudranshMahakaal/sandbox

= Mass of Photons = Do photons have mass!? Well we are tend to find out

Photons
I once read about photons in my school and I heard my teacher say that photons don't have mass. I wondered from then, that everything around me has mass then why can't photons have mass? Photons are the particles of light that depict the particle nature of light they are considered to be massless and their speed is considered to be the same as the speed of light.

Light
Light is an electromagnetic radiation that is composed of one component of electric field and one component of the magnetic field with both the fields in mutually perpendicular directions to each other. Light is the fastest moving thing known in the entire universe ( I believe something's even faster! ) with a jolting speed of approximately 3,00,000km/s. But we still haven't fully understood light as still there are some mysteries about it to unravel

The Dual Nature Of Light
Light is a fascinating subject to research on, as it is a mystery in itself. Light exhibits dual nature also known as the wave-particle duality. This means that light exists in 2 forms,one in which it is made up of particles and the other in which it is a wave with the properties of waves such as sound. The wave form of light helps us to understand the principles and concepts of reflection and refraction of light. On the other hand the particle form helps us to understand the effects of light such as the photoelectric effect and also how gravity bends light as gravity has its effects on particles and not waves, but that's a mystery till now as it has its effects on light and thus it may have its effects on waves too.

Photons have mass
Now, wait!!!! Do photons have mass? The answer is a YES! Photons do have mass but it is very negligible. Even 1 mg is too much heavy than a photon.

Announcing a crazy thing needs a lot of courage and most importantly, needs a solid proof. There exists an equation which proves that photons have mass which varies with the wavelength of the light they constitute.

$$\lambda = h/m_pc$$

$$m_p = h/\lambda{c}$$

Here in this equation $$\lambda$$ is the wavelength of the light, $$h$$ is the plank's constant, $$m_p$$ is the mass of the photon and $$c$$ is the speed of light.

Now many people wonder that do photons have a variable mass as the equation shows? In the equation the wavelength of the light keeps on changing with different types of lights. For example, Red coloured light has wavelength$$(\lambda)$$ = 700 nanometers, but Violet light has wavelength$$(\lambda)$$ = 400 nanometers, therefore the mass of the photon is different for red and violet light. So, what is the reason behind this thing? Do photons really have a variable mass or is it something else? Well, the answer is quite confusing as it may be possible that photons have a variable mass according to their energy difference. Using the mass-energy equation proposed by Mr.Albert Einstein this is possible that as photons of different types of light have different energies thus, with change in energy mass may change.

$$E = mc^2$$ (Mass-Energy equaivalence).

The other way to think for the variable mass property is that for lights of different wavelengths there exists a number of different kinds of photons which have different masses corresponding to the wavelength of the light they constitute.

Light: A new look
Now, as the mass of photons can be calculated light can now be viewed from a different perspecive, the bending of light due to gravity can be now explained in numerical terms, such as how much force a photon of light experiences under gravity as the force of gravity is directly proportional to mass.

$$F = Gm1m2/r^2$$

Also, it could be determined how light applies pressure to everything and how it affects its surroundings and how its surroundings effect light. But it is to be considered that the talk is about just a photon but light consists of trillions of such things.

Black Holes and Light
Now, when we talk about black holes it is full of mystery and mystery. Black holes have such immense gravity that not even light can escape its pull. Now how strong is this pull? With what force does it pull light? Well, talking of a photon its a single particle. It is known that black holes have an accretion disc around them filled with light and energy. Let a light ray with wavelength λ be trapped at the event horizon, not pulled inside nor can it escape so its photons will orbit the black hole

The force exerted by the black hole inside is the force of gravity and as the photon is orbiting the black hole, the force applied away from the black hole known as the centripital force but as the photon is locked in the orbit both the forces are balanced.

$$Gm_1m_2/r^2 = m_2v^2/r$$

$$r $$ = radius of the event horizon

$$r = Gm_1/c^2$$

$$m_1$$ = mass of the black hole

$$v = c/\sqrt{2}$$

$$v$$ = velocity of the photon

= This proves that light moves with a constant speed of $$c/\sqrt{2}$$ m/s. =