User:Ruthc0718/Adelaide Estrada

Adelaide Estrada
Adelaide Augusta Fernandes Estrada (Porto, Portugal from September 29, 1898 to October 18, 1979), was a Portuguese doctor, scientist and political activist. She worked as a professor and researcher in the field of histology, clinical analysis and cell biology. In those fields of study, carried out extensive work on scientific publications. Estrada, in 1928, became the second woman to be admitted to the Portuguese Biological Society. She was also a researcher at the Institute of Histology and Embryology of the Porto Faculty of Medicine and at the Center for Microscopic Studies of the Institute of High Culture. Additionally, Estrada was the second Portuguese to obtain a PhD in Biology.

Background Information
Adelaide Estrada was born on September 29, 1898 in Vitória, Porto. Her father, Augusto Pires Estrada, obtained a diploma of secondary education at the Liceu Alexandre Herculano, in Porto, where he enrolled at the age of 12.

In October 1921, she began studying Medicine at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), where she later became a professor. In 1922, while still a university student, Estrada began working at the FMUP's Institute of Histology and Embryology. There she met the doctor Abel Salazar, who became her colleague and collaborator with her in various investigations. She was also part of the Parasitology Course and was appointed free assistant in histology, by the decision of the School Council, in 1923. Three years later she was appointed Trainer of the Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Noble Laboratory) of the Faculty of Medicine of Porto.Then, in 1932, she was appointed a volunteer assistant at the FMUP Infectious Disease Clinic.

She collaborated in the magazine called Pensamento, of the Institute of Socialist Culture, which was published in Porto, and in O Sol Nascente, where some women wrote about the female condition and their more active participation in society. She opposed the New State (Portugal) and supported the candidacies of Generals José Norton de Matos (1949) and Humberto Delgado (1958), in the respective campaigns for the Presidency of the Republic.

In 1941 she began her internship at the Center for Microscopic Studies of the Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto. In 1942 she was awarded a scholarship by the Foundation for Science and Technology. Then, in 1950, she retired as a trainer at the Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, and two years later she created a private analysis laboratory in Porto. She participated in scientific meetings, such as the III National Congress of Medicine held in Lisbon in 1928, the Congress of the Association of Anatomists in 1933 and at the meetings of the Portuguese Institute of Oncology (IPO) in Lisbon in 1941.

Estrada passed away on October 18, 1979 and since 1991, a street in the city of Porto, in the Prelada area, bears her name.

Publications
Estrada wrote several articles on cytology, clinical analysis, and histology. Some of his publications were written in collaboration with other researchers, such as Abel Salazar, Júlio Machado Vaz, Nery de Oliveira and Carlos Ramalhão.

1935: Regarding the first case of Kalazar in Portugal

1936: A diagnostic puncture or cytopuncture

1936: Questions of hematological nomenclature

1937: Still regarding the first Kalazar case of the adult in Portugal

1938: The third adult Kalazar case in Portugal (with Nery de Oliveira)

1942: The new theory of Prof. Abel Salazar on granulocytes

1943: Formula d 'Arneth and hematological indexes in the face of the new neutrophil theory

1944: As new ideas and theories of Abel Salazar on the cytological balance of the blood and its perturbations

1944: New case of Kalazar as an adult in Portugal (with Emídio Ribeiro)

1944: The graphic method, by A. L. Salazar, no study of the neutral balance

Achievements
Throughout her career she was elected a member of the Portuguese Society of Biology in 1928, of the Association of Anatomists in 1932, and of the International Society of Hematology. She was also honored in the exhibition Adelaide Estrada: Beyond Science at the Abel Salazar House-Museum (September to November 2019). On September 24, 2019, Professor António Coimbra gave the conference entitled Scientific work of Adelaide Estrada in the Common House of the Rectorship of the University of Porto. Additionally, Estrada is the only doctor included in the Porto toponymy.