User:Ryan Hadaway/sandbox

Processing
Extracted deposits through drilling, blasting, and underground mining methods are loaded and taken to be processed while leftover; debris, rock, and other waste, are brought to specific areas for removal. The first step to processing is feeding the deposits through a ball mill to broken into smaller material. Further breakdown of the material is then completed through the use of a semi-autogenous grinding mill an additional three times before specifically targeting the extraction of the ore from the parent material. The processed material is separated to retrieve the lead and zinc concentrates through flotation methods. The different densities of the material allow for the retrieval of the two different metals separately. The lead and zinc concentrates are transported to the Chanderiya smelter complex to further refine the metals collected. The Rampura Agucha mine has an ore production capacity of 6.15 metric tonnes per annum and in 2017 it was reported that the mine produced 528459 metric tonnes of lead and zinc.

Byproducts

The process of retrieving the ore from the parent material results in a heterogeneous slurry of materials, such as; water, rock, and others, called tailings. Tailings have several different impacts on the environment due to the large amounts of sulfides contained in the waste. This waste is stored in an on-site dam structure after thickening to ensure no contamination to the surrounding environment occurs. The tailings are treated to neutralize the waste for reclamation purposes through the use of calcium hydroxide. This can allow for the potential use of using the water from tailings to be available for other uses in the mine. The Rampura Agucha mine produced 108000 metric tonnes per month of tailings waste in the year 2008

Environmental Effects
There are several different forms of air pollutants produced during the mining process including suspended particulate matter and respirable suspended particulate matter. Preventive measures are taken to reduce these pollutants through practices such as using water to reduce dust accumulation during drilling and using several different forms of scrubbers along the mining and processing of the materials to prevent excess release of dust to surrounding areas.

The location of the mine has minimal surrounding water reserves for use in the the mining process. All well water used is located at Banas river bed 60 km away from the mine, which makes a pipeline required to obtain the necessary water for mining. Drains and a 50000 cubic meter reservoir structure were implemented to collect any used run-off water during the mining process. Water is also retrieved from the tailings due to the extensive amount of water used during the processing of the extracted material. Retrieval of tailings water is achieved through flocculent additions in tailings thickeners to separate water from the waste material. The reclaimed water is then treated and used in all mining practices as a replacement for fresh water use when possible. Water conservation management of this extent resulted in a zero discharge status of contaminated water, which has reportedly resulted in no groundwater pollution in the surrounding mine site. The input of these practices has also shown a decrease in freshwater usage for the mine from 1.36 cubic meters per metric tonne of metal in 2003 to only 0.66 cubic meters per metric tonne in 2006.

Recovery of Metals
Efforts have been made to also retrieve low grade zinc and lead found in tailings through bioleaching. Minimal results have been shown through this method. Although, HZL research teams have been attempting to retrieve zinc from these tailings through microwave irradiation's. They have found that this method showed a greater then 90% extraction of zinc found in tailings. This is much higher recovery of zinc compared to more traditional methods such as bioleaching and conventional heating .This also provides a viable economic retrieval method to be used for the Rampura Agucha mines tailings for zinc.

Further information to add but have not found yet

I would also like to add more data sets in terms of environmental pollution, economics of mine, and potentially find articles describing previous grievances and other problems filed against the mine in terms of there effect on communities and the surrounding environment with focus on data and not opinions of people and news organizations.