User:Ryu NISHI/sandbox

Neural crest stem cell

Neural crest stem cells are stem cells which organize the neural crest organization, and also the cells with which pluripotent, multipotent (multipotency), self-renewal and migration potential. A neural crest (nervous Tei and neural crest) is the organization on the embryology called endoderm, the outside germ layer and the fourth germ layer following middle germ layer [1]. It's guessed at that a neural crest stem cell differentiates into the part of the nerve cell, the neural glia and the bones, a tendon, a smooth muscle, chondrocytic, osseous cell, melanocytic,a chrome compatibility cell and a certain hormone production cell of the automatic nerves system which is neural crest cell. It's verified on the experiment to maintain a nerve, a glia cell and the differentiation ability to the smooth muscle. It's necessary that a single neural crest stem cell differentiates into a cell beyond at least 3 systems as the condition of the purpose which is a neural crest stem cell.

Contents 1 History. 2 Clonal Density 3 Research of the neural crest stem cell populations using the transgenic model animal 4 References

History

D. J. Anderson succeeds in distinction of a neural crest leading soma with pluripotent, multipotent (multipotent) and own reproduction Noh play (self - renewal) (progenitor from the mammalian neural crest) in 1992 prior to distinction of a neural crest stem cell, and it's reported that Yoriko's neural crest leading soma differentiates into a nerve, a glia cell and a smooth muscle in S. J. Morrison and others for [2] or 1996 years [3]. History of neural crest stem cell distinction dates back in 1999. S. J. Morrison and others are doing the condition that a cell below 30 cells is seeded to 1 of well of a plate (cultivation district)= 6 wells of report that a cell culture was performed by clonal density and a ischial nerve leading body (Sciatic nerve progenitor) was led from a neural crest stem cell [4]. p75 protein has been manifested with an index as a neural crest stem cell marker in an early stage. S. J. Morrison succeeded in differentiation's leading the cell p75 protein manifests in 2002 to a nerve and Greer smooth muscle in KURONARUDENSHITI, and distinction of the neural crest stem cell which maintained pluripotent, multipotent was suggested [5] [6]. Rat fetus origin Dorsal root ganglia of E14.5 (DRG), a sympathetic ganglion (sympathetic ganglia) and a gut (Gut) are used for the picked organization.

Clonal density

Proof which differentiates into 3 systems of cell from a single cell is needed distinction of a neural crest stem cell. But I'm verifying many researchers are very boundless by cultivating by the light cell density of the density because it's very difficult to produce the condition to cultivate only a single cell actually, and do these cells cultivate a cell by the condition near the single cell, and show a differentiation Noh play in the differentiation lead condition [7] [8].

Research of the neural crest stem cell populations using the transgenic model animal

A study using the model animal which included the gene by which cable makes the fluorescence protein of jellyfish a mouse is developed by development of recent years' genetic engineering. The thing which can visualize the organization distribution including the neural crest stem cell by the P0-Cre/floxp-EGFP mouse which combined the Cre/Floxp-EGFP system that A. P. McMahon has developed it in 1998 with the DNA construct which connected a Cre gene to the protein-zero protein promoter lower class was suggested [9]. Cre/Floxp-EGFP system is the system to include the DNA construct developed for the purpose of can get GFP fluorescence continually by a specific cell in the mouse genom [10] [11]. Additionally the example for which the neural crest stem cell population used the Wnt --Cre/floxp-EGFP mouse which connected a promoter part of Wnt protein with the GFP fluorescence protein lower class to narrow down is also reported, and it's indicated to differentiate into 3 systems of the group, the nerve and Greer smooth muscle by P0-Cre/floxp-EGFP mouse [12]. Mouse fetus origin Dorsal root ganglia (DRG), marrow (Bone marrow) and a nasal cavity mucous membrane (Whisker Pad) are used for the picked organization.

References

1.^ 『エッセンシャル発生生物学(改訂第2版)』Jonathan Slack 著 大隅典子 訳 羊土社 発行 2007年 2.^ Stemple, D.L., and Anderson, D.J. (1992) “Isolation of a stem cell for neurons and glia from the mammalian neural crest”.Cell 71, 973–985. 3.^ Shah, N.M., Groves, A., and Anderson, D.J. (1996). “Alternative neural crest cell fates are instructively promoted by TGFb superfamily members”. Cell 85, 331–343. 4.^ S. J. Morrison, P. M. White, C. Zock, D. J. Anderson (1999). " Prospective identification, isolation by flow cytometry, and in vivo self-renewal of multipotent mammalian neural crest stem cells".Cell 96, 737. 5.^ Bixby S, Kruger GM, Mosher JT, Joseph NM, Morrison SJ. (2002). " Cell-intrinsic differences between stem cells from different regions of the peripheral nervous system regulate the generation of neural diversity". Neuron 35: 643-56. 6.^ Iwashita T, Kruger GM, Pardal R, Mark J kiel, Sean J. Morrison. (2003). " Hirschsprung disease is linked to defects in neural crest stem cell function". Science 35: 643-56. 7.^ Bixby S, Kruger GM, Mosher JT, Joseph NM, Morrison SJ. (2002). " Cell-intrinsic differences between stem cells from different regions of the peripheral nervous system regulate the generation of neural diversity". Neuron 35: 643-56. 8.^ Iwashita T, Kruger GM, Pardal R, Mark J kiel, Sean J. Morrison. (2003). " Hirschsprung disease is linked to defects in neural crest stem cell function". Science 35: 643-56. 9.^ Yamauchi, Y., Abe, K., Mantani, A., Hitoshi, Y., Suzuki, M., Osuzu, F., Kuratani, S., and Yamamura, K. (1999) "A novel transgenic technique that allows specific marking of the neural crest cell lineage in mice ". Dev. Biol. 212, 191-203.. 10.^ Danlelan, P.S., Muccino, D., Rowitch, D.H., Michael, S.K., and McMahon, A.P.(1998)"Modification of geneactivity in mouse embryos in utero by a tmoxifeninducible form of Cre recombinase ". Curr. Biol. 8, 1323-1326. . 11.^ Kawamoto, S., Niwa, H., Tashiro, F., Sano, S., Kondoh, G., Takeda, J., Tabayashi, K., and Miyazaki, J. (2000). "A novel reporter mouse strain that expresses enhanced green fluorescent protein upon Cre-mediated recombination ". FEBS Lett. 470, 263-268. 12.^ Nagoshi, N., Shibata, S., Kubota, Y., Nakamura, M., Nagai, Y., Satoh, E., Morikawa, S., Okada, Y., Mabuchi, Y., Katoh, H., Okada, S., Fukuda, K., Suda, T., Matsuzaki, Y., Toyama, Y., Okano, H. (2008). " Ontogeny and multipotency of neural crest-derived stem cells in mouse bone marrow, dorsal root ganglia, and whisker pad". Cell Stem Cell. 2(4): 392-403.