User:SGoncalves09/sandbox

Nursing informatics (NI) is the specialty that integrates nursing science with multiple information and analytical sciences to identify, define, manage and communicate data, information, knowledge, and wisdom in nursing practice. Nursing informatics is used to promote people, families, and communities worldwide. In 2019 the world was turned upside down as COVID-19 took over. COVID-19 has caused many changes in everyday life, from wearing a face-covering to communicating with our healthcare professionals. Telehealth/medicine and EHRs have become more popular and accessible during the pandemic. Telehealth/medicine offers hope for all people unbiasedly, and it also gives them peace of mind and comfort of not having to choose medical care or social distancing. The amplitude in which individuals can obtain, process, and understand basic health information needed to make proper health decisions is defined as health literacy Low health literacy is more prevalent among: · Older adults · Minority populations · Those who have the low socioeconomic status · Medically underserved people Without health literacy, expanded EHR access for patients is a pointless article. According to Stats in brief, “A description of U.s Adults who are not digitally literate” In the United stated 16 percent of adults are not digitally literate according to the Department of Education data. Until health literacy is improved, most patients won’t fully utilize personal health information (PHI) as expected. There are many reasons why people may find vaccines and other medical practices risky that include and are not limited to religious beliefs, culture, political viewpoints, education, status, and previous personal encounters. As mentioned above, communication and answers are significant areas that cause a falter in patients’ health literacy. Teaching will have to go above and beyond more than ever before to improve vaccination trends. As patients have a hard time understanding their EHRs, whatever questions had/asked will need to be explained in-depth and understand the risks and benefits of being vaccinated. Active listening will need to be shown by the clinician to answer clinical questions in the simplest form.

Information and misinformation can be widespread on many platforms, especially in a technologically savvy era. Information/ misinformation can be spread and collected on websites but mostly on social media, for example, Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram. COVID19 didn’t only wreak havoc as a pandemic, but it also created an infodemic. Rumors, Stigma, and conspiracy theories, all of which are infodemics, are causes of the decrease of community trust in government and international health agencies. According to the “Vaccine Literacy—Helping Everyone Decide to Accept Vaccination.” journal, The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared an infodemic as a new challenge as well as Vaccine hesitancy as a top ten global health threat. With the production, distribution, and mandate of the Vaccine, contribution in communication is urgently needed to answer the public’s question to ensure everyone understands and has the necessary health literacy to make decisions about getting vaccinated. Direct answers to the public would leave less room for misinformation and assumptions on social platforms and news. In retrospect, it would significantly curve the infodemic by slimming the chances of the spread of misinformation.

Social Network analysis is the study of the structure and how it influences health, and it is based on theoretical constructs of sociology and mathematical foundations of graph theory. Formatting structure refers to the regularities in relationships among individuals, groups, and organizations. When social network analysis is undertaken, the underlying assumption is that network structure and properties have significant implications on the outcome of interest To understand further the concepts mentioned above of health literacy and social network analysis, a social network analysis was made on Gephi for a Nursing informatics course. The objective was to create a social network analysis to uncover the influential tweets/sources on the topic of the COVID-19 Vaccine. Tweets would each serve as a node, and the connections to the tweets would then serve as the edges to the analysis.

The first task to be done was to get a Twitter developer account. Once approved with the Twitter developer account, download the program Gephi. On the Layout tab and right next to it, you see the Twitter streaming importer and insert all twitter credentials. (API key, API secret key, Access token, Access token secret) After the credentials are set, hashtags posted on the network gather data. In this example #covax #COVIDvaccine #getvaxxed were the hashtags used. Once hashtags of user choice are chosen, run the program to configure a graph. In this instance, it took approximately 25 minutes to gather 120 Nodes. After gathering nodes, the graph statistics needed to be tabulated to understand the information further, as each statistic has a meaning.