User:SJGarland

I am a retired computer scientist, having been a Professor of Mathematics and Computer Science at Dartmouth College and a Principal Research Scientist in the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

I am an occasional contributor to Wikipedia on matters related to mathematics and computer science. I contribute particularly to topics with which I have a personal connection.

Brief Biography
I was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, on November 25, 1941. I attended school in Fairlawn, New Jersey, Kenmore, New York, and Mt. Lebanon, Pennsylvania. In 1958, I won second prize in the New York State Science Congress for a project on A Graphical Solution of 3xm Game Matrices. In 1959, I was a finalist in the Westinghouse Science Talent Search.

I received a bachelor’s degree in mathematics from Dartmouth College in 1963. While an undergraduate, I wrote the Dartmouth ALGOL 30 compiler for the LGP-30 computer.

I received a PhD in mathematics from the University of California at Berkeley in 1967 with a thesis on Second Order Cardinal Characterizability supervised by John Addison.

From 1967 to 1985, I taught mathematics and computer science at Dartmouth College. There I participated in the development of the Dartmouth Time Sharing System and the BASIC language. I also led the development of an undergraduate major in computer science and the transformation of the Department of Mathematics into the Department of Mathematics and Computer Science. At the graduate level, I led the creation of CIS a master’s Program in Computer and Information Science similar to the contemporaneous Wang Institute of Graduate Studies. The focus of CIS was on the management of computing and the uses of computers in management; it featured a course in the ethical and social impact of information systems.

Nationally, I chaired the College Board committee that developed the Advanced Placement Program in Computer Science and I was vice-chair of the ANSI X3J2 Basic Standards Committee.

From 1985 to 2005, I was a Principal Research Scientist at MIT's Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. During this time,


 * I co-led research projects with John Guttag on the Larch family of formal specifications,
 * I was the principal developer of the Larch Prover,
 * I co-led research projects with Nancy Lynch on IOA, a language and toolset for specifying and reasoning about distributed algorithms, and
 * I participated in, and edited the website, for MIT Project Oxygen on pervasive human-centered and location-aware computing.

In the 1991-92 academic year, I was a Fulbright Lecturer at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. I have also held visiting positions at the University of California at Los Angeles (1970-71), the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (summer 1973), and the University of California at Berkeley (1975-76).

Selected Publications

 * Gordon M. Bull, William Freeman, and Stephen J. Garland, Specification for Standard BASIC, National Computing Centre, Manchester, England, 1973.
 * Garland, S. J.; Jones, K. D.; Modet, A.; Wing, J. M. (1993). Guttag, J. V.; Horning, J. J. (eds.). Larch: Languages and Tools for Formal Specification. Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-2704-5. ISBN 978-1-4612-7636-4. S2CID 13066418.
 * Stephen J. Garland, Introduction to Computer Science with Applications in Pascal, Addison-Wesley, 1986.
 * Stephen J. Garland, “Advanced Placement Computer Science,” Computers in Mathematics Education, 1984 Yearbook of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, edited by Viggo P. Hansen and Marilyn J. Zweng, 1984, pages 194-201.
 * Stephen J. Garland and A. Kent Morton, “A new master's degree program at Dartmouth College," ACM SIGCSE Bulletin 11:4, pages 25-26, December 1979.
 * Stephen J. Garland, “Second-order cardinal characterizability,” Axiomatic Set Theory, Proceedings of Symposia in Pure Mathematics, Vol. XIII, Part 2, American Mathematical Society, 1974, pages 127-146.
 * Stephen J. Garland and John V. Guttag, A Guide to LP: the Larch Prover, MIT Laboratory for Computer Science, December 1991. Also published as Digital Equipment Corporation Systems Research Center Report 82, 1991.
 * Stephen J. Garland and Nancy A. Lynch, "Using I/O automata for developing distributed systems," Foundations of Component-Based Systems, Gary T. Leavens and Murali Sitaraman (editors), pages 285–312, Cambridge University Press, 2000. [Abstract, PDF]
 * Stephen J. Garland, Robert N. Block, and George C. Conant, Multiple Synchronized Views for Creating, Analyzing, Editing, and Using Mathematical Formulas, United States Patent No. 8,510,650, August 13, 2013.
 * Stephen J. Garland and Nancy A. Lynch, Model-Based Software Design and Validation, United States Patent No. 6,289,502, September 11, 2001.
 * Stephen J. Garland and Nancy A. Lynch, The IOA Language and Toolset: Support for Designing, Analyzing, and Building Distributed Systems, Technical Report MIT-LCS-TR-762, MIT Laboratory for Computer Science, Cambridge, MA, August 1998.
 * Dilsun Kaynar, Nancy Lynch, Sayan Mitra, and Stephen Garland, The TIOA Language, MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, Massachusetts, May 2005.

Wikipedia contributions
Advanced Placement Computer Science
 * Forthcoming: Describe early history, development of the course.

ALGOL 60
 * 2021/12/23 Add three Dartmouth compiler to the time line.

ALGOL 68
 * 2021/12/24: Added Sidney Marshall's ALGOL 68 for DTSS to the time line.

Basic
 * 2021/12/31 Removed incorrect statement about Mary Kenneth Keller. Explained removal on the talk page.
 * Forthcoming: Check descriptions of ANSI Basic, relation to Dartmouth Basic.

Dartmouth ALGOL 30
 * 2021/12/21 Added references, made several edits.
 * 2021/12/23 Expanded description of SCALP. Mentioned ALGOL on the Dartmouth Time Sharing System.

Dartmouth Basic
 * 2021/12/21–22 Added to and corrected information about SBASIC. Added information and references related to TEACH/Test and graphics.  Corrected mis-information about the LGP-30.
 * 2021/12/24 Added TEACH, LINK, and JOIN to list of DTSS commands.

Dartmouth Time Sharing System
 * 2021/12/24 Added names of students who developed SCALP and the first version of DTSS

Draft:Donald Kreider
 * 2021/12/20-22 Created page.

Dresden School District
 * 2021/12/21 Added historical information.

Entscheidungsproblem
 * 2014/7/7 Added reference to Hilbert and Ackermann's 1928 book, made several edits.

Input/output automaton
 * Forthcoming: Add material about IOA, work of Nancy Lynch.

Larch family
 * Forthcoming: expand.

Larch Prover
 * 2021/12/18–19 Expanded stub; added bibliography, implementation details, example of use.

LGP-30
 * 2014/6/8 Added information about ALGOL 30.

Mary Kenneth Keller
 * 2021/12/31 Corrected inaccurate information about Keller's association with Dartmouth.

Thomas E. Kurtz
 * 2014/7/7 Made extensive edits to improve wording.

Potential conflicts of interest
Donald Kreider, who died 15 years ago, was my colleague and co-author at Dartmouth College from 1967 to 1985.