User:SNur/sandbox

http://ucelinks.cdlib.org:8888/sfx_local?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Influence+of+dietary+supplements+on+hemoglobin%2C+erythrocytes%2C+and+the+outcome+of+pregnancy+in+anemic+women&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+National+Medical+Association&rft.au=EDWARDS%2C+C+H&rft.au=MITCHELL%2C+J+R&rft.au=MCENGE%2C+F+J&rft.au=TRIGG%2C+L&rft.date=1953-05-01&rft.issn=1943-4693&rft.eissn=1943-4693&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=180&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F13053202&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F13053202&rft.externalDocID=13053202&paramdict=en-US

http://ucelinks.cdlib.org:8888/sfx_local?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Influence+of+a+low+cost+dietary+supplement+on+scholastic+achievement+and+personality+factors+of+elementary+school+children&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+National+Medical+Association&rft.au=EDWARDS%2C+C+H&rft.au=GRIMMETT%2C+G&rft.au=LOMAX%2C+J+A&rft.date=1956-07-01&rft.issn=1943-4693&rft.eissn=1943-4693&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=244&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F13346349&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F13346349&rft.externalDocID=13346349&paramdict=en-US

Cecile Hoover Edwards


 * Academic Career
 * While dean, Edwards concurrently oversaw a 5-year program that focused on the pregnancies of low-income women, and more specifically, how their pregnancies were affected by factors such as socioeconomic status and nutrition
 * Research
 * (Edwards opposed hereditarian view in nature vs. nurture debate)
 * In addition to that, Edwards worked to spread knowledge about issues such as child care and financial budgeting to lower income and disadvantaged ethnicities
 * Methionine Research
 * Importance: methionine's methyl group is used in important biological syntheses
 * Published a study: "Utilization of Methionine by the Adult Rat"
 * Premise: during surgery, patients may lose over a pound of tissue protein; this is countered by high protein postoperative diets
 * So, remaining question is to what extent surgery affects amino acid absorption
 * Experiment: adult rats either injected with methionine directly into their blood stream or methionine was administered via stomach
 * Results: the uptake of the alpha carbon of methionine was less in all surgically treated tissues; rats had a decreased ability to incorporate methionine into plasma protein (in comparison to the control rats)
 * Research on Adult Man Diet
 * Premise: if wheat, which has a lysine deficiency, and hence, a wheat-based diet (plus other common foods such as potatoes), can provide the same nutritive value than if other protein-rich foods were paired with a wheat-based diet
 * This is important considering the lack of foods such as vegetables in particular geographic regions of the world (and where the diet is heavily wheat-based)
 * Experiment: adult males between the ages of 23 and 30 were separated into groups that had to consume a specific diet (Wheat diet, peanut butter diet, rice diet and pinto bean diet)
 * Measurements were taken for nitrogen balance; blood urea nitrogen; creatine and urea in urine; essential amino acids in plasma; nonessential amino acids in plasma; hemoglobin, red blood cells and blood pressure; total plasma lipids; and fecal fat
 * Results: findings supported conclusion that the body compensates for how much protein is added:
 * If the minimal protein intake is met, then the body will conserve methionine catabolism
 * Additionally, if certain amino acids are lacking (from the wheat diet), then important amino acids will be synthesized by the body, and there will also be a reuse of amino acids instead of their excretion
 * Conclusion: for the maintenance of an adult male, 46 grams of protein a day of which 76% of the nitrogen is provided by wheat, is adequate
 * Review on the Relationship Between Lifestyle/Environment and Nutrition
 * Edwards looked specifically into hypertension within the African American demographic
 * Her suggestions for prevention :
 * Weight control
 * Reduced sodium chloride intake (people normally consume 6g to 12 g, but should consume no more than 6 g)
 * Physical activity (speculated on a scientific correlation between physical activity and hypertension rates)
 * Reduced alcohol consumption
 * Edwards gave a variety of factors that played a role in hypertension within the African American demographic
 * Dietary factors: a lower consumption of dietary potassium may play a role in the higher hypertension rates of Black Americans in comparison to White Americans
 * Social barriers: Black Americans are more likely to be poor, to lack health insurance, and to travel further from home for medical care
 * Edwards believed that such social barriers operated and affected hypertension rates similar to how diet affected it as well (effects of racism, psychosocial stress and chronic strain on hypertension need to be further researched)
 * Environmental risk factors: environmental toxins (which more Black Americans reside near than White Americans) affect the nervous system, and thus, mental health and overall mortality
 * Edwards believed that health reform should focus as heavily on prevention as it does on coverage/diagnosis/etc.
 * Introduces concept of a "population approach," which is one that promotes a more holistic look into patient care; health providers should look into social, economic and cultural factors that affect patients

This user is a student editor in Wiki_Ed/UCLA/Chem_153A_Honors_(Fall_2016).