User:SRAShakur/sandbox

Notes for Japanese Horror Article
Kabuki :

Noh: seen as the oldest and most refined theatrical form. Made for upperclassmen and formal in style.

Bunraku: more violent than Noh theater

We can trace ghost story/ horror back to these traditional theaters

Okay, so some issues with the Petty article citation. It is a doctoral thesis but does not have an ISBN and is not in a journal. I listed it as a website, but with this option I am unable to notate specific page numbers for the citations. 小さい問題があります. Kaidan: Butoh Dance- very interesting but I do not exactly think this fits in with horror. Just odd contemporary style dance?

So I have conflicting info on Kaidan. The original Japanese Horror Article says the stories started in the Heian Period, but my source says Edo. So. . . try to find another source to back up one of these claims.

More Sources for Japanese Horror Article
Petty, John E. Stage and Scream: The Influence of Traditional Japanese Theater, Culture, and Aesthetics on Japan's Cinema of the Fantastic, thesis, May 2011; Denton, Texas. ( https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc68031/ : accessed November 1, 2019), University of North Texas Libraries, Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu ;.

This has some information of Kabuki origins, look into it please.

https://journal.rikumo.com/journal/paaff/a-brief-history-of-japanese-horror

First Draft For Japanese Horror Article
Japanese horror < If anyone wants to see the original page it's here! Also, for any section I worked on I have placed the original just below the draft section for easy comparison.

LEAD
Japanese horror (also known as J-Horror) is horror fiction arising from popular culture in Japan, generally noted for its unique thematic and conventional treatment of the horror genre differing from the traditional Western representation of horror. Mediums in which Japanese horror fiction is showcased include literature, anime and film, video games, and artwork. Japanese horror tends to focus on psychological horror, tension building (suspense), and supernatural horror, particularly involving ghosts (yūrei) and poltergeists. Other Japanese horror fiction contains themes of folk religion such as possession, exorcism, shamanism, precognition, and yōkai. Japanese horror cinema in particular has evolved over time to reflect the current political and social attitudes in Japan.

NOTE: There are sections of the article that are not discussed in the lead. This will be fixed asap.

ORIGINS
The origins of Japanese horror can be traced back to the ghost story and horror classics of the Edo period and the Meiji period, which were known as Kaidan, literally translated to strange story. Elements of these popular folktales have been worked into the stories of modern films, especially in the traditional nature of the Japanese ghost and Yōkai. The term Yōkai was first used to refer to any supernatural phenomenon and was brought to common use by the Meiji period scholar Inoue Enryo. Later, the term Yōkai evolved to refer to vengeful states Shinto Gods would morph into when disrespected or neglected by people living around their shrines. Over time, Shinto Gods were not the only ones able to morph into Yōkai, but this ability to transform came to be applied to all beings who have an untamed energy surrounding them, referred to as Mononoke.

Throughout time, Kaidan has come to refer to early ghost stories in Japanese literature, dating back to at least the Heian period (794–1185). Kaidan stories became popular in Japan during this period after the invention of printing technologies, allowing the spread of the written stories. Notable early Kaidan stories include Otogi Boko by Asai Ryoi, Inga Monogatari by Suzuki Shojo, and Otogi Monogatari by Ogita Ansei.

Kabuki and Noh, forms of traditional Japanese theater, often depict horror tales of revenge and ghastly appearances. One difference between these two forms of theater is Noh is formal and targeted for upperclassmen while Kabuki is interactive and seen as "the theater of the people." The subject matter often portrayed in original Noh theater include vengeful spirits, demon plays, stories of death, and others. Many of the storylines of these traditional plays have inspired modern horror depictions, and these stories have been used as source material for Japanese horror films. In fact, Kabuki was a major subject of early Japanese films, and Kabuki gradually was woven into the framework of the modern horror films seen today. For example, the physical description of Sadako in Koji Suzuki's Ring is taken from what was seen in Noh and Kabuki theater performances.

EVOLUTION OF JAPANESE HORROR CINEMA
After the bombing of Hiroshima, Japanese horror cinema would mainly comprise of vengeful ghosts and monsters, such as Godzilla. The post war era is also when the horror genre rose to prominence in Japan. The first major Japanese horror film, often seen as the first in the genre, is Onibaba directed by Kaneto Shindo in 1964. The film is categorized as a historical horror drama where a woman and her mother-in-law attempt to survive during a civil war. Like many early Japanese horror films, elements are drawn largely from traditional Kabuki and Noh theater. Onibaba also shows heavy influence from World War 2. Shindo himself revealed the make-up used in the unmasking scene was inspired by photos he had seen of mutilated victims of the atomic bombings. In 1965, the genre was expanded when an anthology film comprised of four stories, each based upon traditional ghost stories, was released named Kwaidan, directed by Masaki Kobayashi. Similar to Onibaba, Kwaidan weaves elements of Noh theater into the story. This anthology uses elements of psychological horror rather than jump scare tactics common in Western horror films. Additionally, Kwaidan showcases one commonality seen in various Japanese horror films being the recurring imagery of the woman with long, unkempt hair falling over her face. Examples of other films created after Kwaidan weaving this motif into the story are Ring (1998), The Grudge (2004), and Exte (2007). This imagery was directly taken from a traditional Japanese folklore tale similar to the Medusa.

In contemporary Japanese horror films, a dominant feature is haunted houses and the break-up of nuclear families. Additionally, monstrous mothers become a major theme, not just in films but in Japanese horror novels as well. Kiyoshi Kurosawa's film Sweet Home provides the basis for the contemporary haunted house film and also served as an inspiration to the Resident Evil games. Japanese culture has seen increased focus on family life, where loyalty to superiors has been de-emphasized. From this, any act of dissolving a family was seen as horrifying, making it a topic of particular interest in Japanese horror media.

ZOMBIE FICTION CITATIONS AND SENTENCE CHANGES
One of the earliest Japanese zombie films with considerable gore and violence was Battle Girl: The Living Dead in Tokyo Bay (1991) directed by Kazuo Komizu. However, unlike Western zombie films at the time, Battle Girl: The Living Dead in Tokyo Bay neglected to bring in a notable response nationally from the box office. It was not until the release of two 1996 Japanese zombie games, Capcom's Resident Evil and Sega's The House of the Dead, whose success sparked an international craze for zombie media, that filmmakers began to capitalize on zombie films.

ANIME AND MANGA
A major influence on Japanese anime and manga is traditional monster imagery seen in the traditional Yokai folk tales from the Edo and Meiji periods.

Original Lead Section
Japanese horror is horror fiction in popular culture from Japan, noted for its unique thematic and conventional treatment of the horror genre in light of Western treatments. Japanese horror tends to focus on psychological horror, tension building (suspense), and supernatural horror, particularly involving ghosts (yūrei) and poltergeists, while many contain themes of folk religion such as: possession, exorcism, shamanism, precognition, and yōkai.

Original Article Origins Section
The origins of Japanese horror can be traced back to ghost story and horror classics of the Edo period and the Meiji period, which were known as Kaidan. Elements of these popular folktales have been worked into the stories of modern films, especially in the traditional nature of the Japanese ghost.

Ghost stories have an even older history in Japanese literature, dating back to at least the Heian period (794–1185). Konjaku Monogatarishū written during that time featured several ghost stories from India, China, and Japan. Kabuki and Noh, forms of traditional Japanese theater, often depict horror tales of revenge and ghastly appearances, many of which have been used as source material for films.

Original Anime and Manga Section
Certain popular Japanese horror films are based on manga, including Tomie, Uzumaki, and Yogen.

So basically nothing in this section. Let's fix that. I am not sure what to add here. Possibly the first Japanese Horror manga and the influences from traditional folk stories.

Article: Japanese horror
I believe this would be a good article to edit, especially the origins section, which is lacking in depth. There is a lot I could add surrounding the details of early Japanese horror literature and films and show how the genre developed over time, and what modern J-horror consists of.

Article: Japanese fashion as social resistance
This is a very interesting topic that I would enjoy researching. The main problems with this article are it was written in personal/argumentative style, and I would like to change it to be factual and decrease the bias seen throughout. The article is severely lacking citations to back up the information written.

Article: Koji Suzuki
There needs to be a section added describing Suzuki's life and give a more detailed biography. Right now, it only gives a short description about him and lists his works.

Adding Citations to an Article
Article:Japanese horror

Add section possibly titled Modern Day Japanese Horror and break down the section into novels and cinema.

Source used titled: Nightmare Japan: Contemporary Japanese Horror Cinema

New age Japanese horror appeals to people around the world by adding cross-cultural elements inspired by Western horror and neighboring Asian culture's horror.