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Claude Bowes-Lyon, 13th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (Redbourn, England 21 July 1824 – Bordighera, Italy 16 February 1904), styled The Honourable Claude Bowes-Lyon from 1847 to 1865, was a British peer. He was the 13th holder of the Earldom of Strathmore and Kinghorne.

He was born in Redbourn, Hertfordshire. He was the second surviving son of Thomas George Lyon-Bowes, Lord Glamis (son of the 11th Earl), and his wife Charlotte Grimstead. His paternal grandparents were Thomas Lyon-Bowes, 11th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, and his first wife Mary Elizabeth Louisa Rodney Carpenter. His maternal grandparents were Joseph Valentine Grimstead and Charlotte Jane Sarah Walsh. Born Claude Lyon-Bowes, he altered the family name to Bowes-Lyon.

Bowes-Lyon also played cricket to a high level, making four appearances in first-class cricket, appearing three times for the Marylebone Cricket Club from 1843–46, and once for the Gentlemen of England in 1846.

Marriage and family
On 28 September 1853, Claude married Frances Dora Smith. They had elven children:
 * Claude Bowes-Lyon (14 March 1855 - 7 November 1944), married to Cecilia Cavendish-Bentinck (1862–1938), they had ten children:
 * Violet Hyacinth Bowes-Lyon (1882–1893)
 * Mary Bowes-Lyon (1883–1961)
 * Patrick Bowes-Lyon (1884–1949)
 * John Bowes-Lyon (1886–1930)
 * Alexander Bowes-Lyon (1887–1911)
 * Fergus Bowes-Lyon (1889–1915)
 * Rose Bowes-Lyon (1890–1967)
 * Michael Bowes-Lyon (1893–1953)
 * Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (Queen Elizabeth) (1900–2002)
 * David Bowes-Lyon (1902–1961)
 * Francis Bowes-Lyon (23 February 1856 – 18 February 1948), married on 22 November 1883 to Anne Lindsay (24 December 1858 – 15 December 1936), they had seven children:
 * Muriel Frances Margaret Bowes-Lyon (29 September 1884 – 31 October 1968)
 * Lt. Charles Lindsay Claude Bowes-Lyon (15 September 1885 – 23 October 1914)
 * Capt. Geoffrey Francis Bowes-Lyon (30 September 1886 – 30 August 1951), married on 31 October 1914 to Edith Katherine Selby-Bigge (31 March 1889 – 19 September 1971)
 * Anne Caroline Lindsay Bowes-Lyon (7 May 1916 – 17 March 2004)
 * Francis James Cecil Bowes-Lyon (19 September 1917 – 1977), married on 22 April 1941 to Mary De Trafford (23 February 1920 – 28 October 2007)
 * John Francis Bowes-Lyon (born 13 June 1942)
 * Davis James Bowes-Lyon (born 21 July 1947)
 * Fiona Ann Bowes-Lyon (born 3 July 1944)
 * Sarah Susannah Bowes-Lyon (20 May 1920 – 13 December 2002)
 * Doris Cecily Bowes-Lyon (16 December 1887 – 27 October 1918)
 * Winifred Geraldine Bowes-Lyon (18 December 1889 – 9 January 1968)
 * Capt. Ronald George Bowes-Lyon (27 June 1893 – 17 April 1960), married in 1925 to an unknown spouse
 * Lilian Helen Bowes-Lyon (23 December 1895 – 25 July 1949)
 * Ernest Bowes-Lyon (4 August 1858 - 27 December 1891), married to Isobel Hester Drummond (1860–1945)
 * Capt. Hubert Bowes-Lyon (1883–1959)
 * Susan Bowes-Lyon (1884–1885)
 * Dorothea Bowes-Lyon (1886–1886)
 * Joan Bowes-Lyon (1888–1954)
 * Marjorie Bowes-Lyon (1889–1981)
 * Ernestine Bowes-Lyon (1891–1981)
 * Herbert Bowes-Lyon (15 August 1860 - 14 April 1897),, died unmarried and without issue.
 * Maj. Patrick Bowes-Lyon (5 March 1863 - 5 October 1946), married to Alice Wiltshire (d 1953), and had four children:
 * Lt. Gavin Patrick Bowes-Lyon (13 December 1895 – 27 November 1917)
 * Angus Patrick Bowes-Lyon (22 October 1899 – 10 July 1923)
 * Jean Barbara Bowes-Lyon (9 October 1904 – 7 January 1963)
 * Margaret Ann Bowes-Lyon (19 June 1907 – 14 August 1999), married in 1945 to Lt.-Col. Francis Arthur Philip d’Abreu (1904 – 1995)
 * Anthony Patrick John d’Abreu (born 1946)
 * Francesca Ann d’Abreu (born 1948)
 * Anna Teresa d’Abreu (1950 – 1997)
 * Lady Constance Bowes-Lyon (8 October 1865 – 19 November 1951), married on 21 December 1893 to Robert Francis Leslie Blackburn (27 April 1864 – 21 March 1944), and had four children:
 * Phyllis Frances Agnes Blackburn (24 October 1894 – ?)
 * Leslie Herbert Blackburn (11 January 1901 – ?)
 * Hilda Constance Helen Blackburn (10 March 1902 – 14 January 1986)
 * Claudia Katharine Angela Blackburn (1908 – 8 February 2001)
 * Kenneth Bowes-Lyon (26 April 1867 - 9 January 1911), unmarried and without issue.
 * Mildred Marion Bowes-Lyon (6 October 1868 - 9 June 1897), married to Augustus Edward Jessup (1861-1925), and had two sons:
 * Alfred Claude Jessup (1891)
 * Alexander Marion Jessup (1895-1931)
 * Maud Agnes Bowes-Lyon (1870 - 28 February 1941), unmarried and without issue.
 * Evelyn Mary Bowes-Lyon (1872 - 15 March 1876), died in childhood.
 * Maj. Malcolm Bowes-Lyon (23 April 1874 - 23 August 1957), married on 28 September 1907 to Winifred Gurdon-Rebow (10 October 1876 – 30 May 1957), they had one daughter:
 * Clodagh Pamela Bowes-Lyon (15 July 1908 – 10 May 2003), married firstly on 18 April 1931 Lord Malcolm Avondale Douglas-Hamilton (12 November 1909 –21 July 1964), they had four children and later divorced; married secondly on 5 March 1962 Sir Tresham Joseph Philip Lever, 2nd Baronet (3 September 1900 – 30 April 1975)
 * Diana Mairi Douglas-Hamilton (born 13 February 1932), married on 18 June 1955 (divorced 1973) to Gavin William Younger
 * Douglas Henry Younger (born 31 May 1956), married in 1979 to Alison Susan Goodbody; they have three sons:
 * Harry Neil Younger (born 1981)
 * Samuel Guy Younger (born 1984)
 * Nicholas William Younger (born 1986)
 * Hugh Patrick Younger (born 5 March 1958), married in 1986 to Sophie Helen Engel; they have four sons:
 * Joshua Hugh Gaskell Younger (born 1988)
 * Dominic William Younger (born 1990)
 * Peter Finn Younger (born 1992)
 * Benedict Gavin Younger (born 1995)
 * Malcolm James Younger (born 22 September 1959), married in 1989 to Sophie Anne Marlton Dowse; they have two daughters:
 * Anna Cecilia Younger (born 1994)
 * Eliza Victoria Younger (born 1997)
 * Alexandra Katharine Anna Younger (born 11 April 1963), married in 1991 to Simon James Milne; they have one daughter:
 * Geordie Alexander Maitland Milne (born 1995)
 * Robert William Younger (born 28 June 1964), married in 1994 to Elizabeth Smeaton
 * Fiona Margaret Douglas-Hamilton (born 26 April 1935), married on 15 September 1973 to Jeremy Blackstone Wise (died 22 May 1990)
 * Alasdair Malcolm Douglas-Hamilton (born 10 September 1939), married on 24 July 1965 to Angela Kathleen Longley
 * Fenella Mairi Douglas-Hamilton (born 19 May 1965), married on 23 September 1994 (divorced 2004) to Ham Igor Zevenbergen
 * Caspar Zevenbergen (born 1991)
 * Mara Zevenbergen (born 1996)
 * Angus Gavin Douglas-Hamilton (born 6 April 1968), married on 18 November 1995 to Justine Levene
 * Siana Sophie Douglas-Hamilton (born 21 May 1997)
 * William Niall Douglas-Hamilton (born 1999)
 * Geordie Fergus Douglas-Hamilton (born 15 May 1969), married in 2005 (divorced 2010) Katarzyna Eva Muszynska
 * Tessa Catherine Douglas-Hamilton (born 1980), married in 2006 to Matthew J.D. Humphrey
 * Niall David Douglas-Hamilton (15 June 1943 – 21 July 1964)

Their eldest son, Claude Bowes-Lyon, 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, was the father of Queen Elizabeth, Queen consort of King George VI and through her, maternal grandfather of Queen Elizabeth II; and their fifth son, Patrick Bowes-Lyon (5 March 1863 – 5 October 1946), was a Major in the British Army.

In 1865 he succeeded his elder brother Thomas. In 1887 he was created Baron Bowes, of Streatlam Castle and Lunedale, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. He was a Scottish representative peer from 1870 until 1892, and Lord Lieutenant of Angus from 1874 until his death.