User:Saba.shadabi

Literary work: doesn’t have (Nadarad) Author: Ali Ashraf Darvishian Approach: Marxist Criticism

“Doesn’t have”, the shocking title of Darvishian’s short story and the surprising family name for the main character of the story, is a foreshadowing of absolute poverty of all the characters in the story and mostly Doesn’t have family. That poverty was the result of social conflict in Iran in the 50th decade. some school of thought such as Islam ideology and the Marxist idea took responsibility for making people aware of how they have unconsciously accepted the subservient, powerless roles in their society that have been prescribed for them by others and that awareness resulted in the revolution in that decade. In this story two part of Capitalism structure, bourgeoisie and proletariat can be identified easily. Doesn't have family are the representative of the proletariat class, the workers who are controlled by bourgeoisie while their labor produces their wealth; on the other hand, Mash Ghorban represents bourgeoisie class, who own property and thereby control the means of production even the labor’s teeth. Niaz Ali, child of family, choose to study in school in order to promote his class in the society and he has no plan for protesting against cruel social structure because the same as many other families in those days in Iran Doesn’t have family had developed false consciousness of their situation and accepted their subordinate situation without protest or questioning that. Ali Ashraf Darvishian (25 August 1941 – 26 October 2017) ,an Iranian scholar and author born in a poor family in Kermanshah, when was graduated from the teacher –training college, traveled to poor villages of Gilan-e-Gharb and Shah Abad to teach children in remote places. His own life situation and also the experiences that he had from his teaching in those poor areas was the inspiration for his literary works and also made him a critic of the political and social situation of Iran. The main story can be found in: http://akharinkhabar.ir/cinema/3959407

Literary work: “Madam Ahou's Husband” Author: Ali Mohammad Afghani Approach: Feminist Criticism

“Madam Ahou's Husband”, a novel written by Ali Mohammad Afghani is about the life of a religious man called Seyed Miran who is a successful, trustworthy man because of his first wife Ahou Khanoom, but as the story unfolds he falls in love and marries a woman called Homa, who leads him to his fall in morality, economic and social status. This story happens in 1313 in Iran an Islamic country where not only polygamy was normal but also it was admired by religion. In those years according to Iranian culture, it was not proper that women study in college or universities or have a job, so they must be depended on their husband’s income like Ahou Khanoom or they must choose to sell their body like Homa in order to have a good life. In this novel author introduces women as objects of the material world by portraying them in two images that in man-dominated society is considered as value; one is motherhood image which Ahou Khanoom represents, the other is a tool for men’s sexual satisfaction which Homa represents. Although the novel is about lust, the men’s tendency to keep women in subordinate position with limited power add some trace of misogyny to the novel; for example the part that Hosein Khan Zarbi says that: “this woman has no function other than dancing and whoever married her will become a truly miserable.” or the scenes that Seyed Miran beats Ahou Khanoom in order to make her understand her true position in the house. Ali Mohammad Afghani was born in 1925 in a poor family in Kermanshah after finishing his college he became a member of a clandestine political organization and was arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment, but he was released after five years due to a commutation. Madam Ahou's Husband is his masterpiece that he wrote in jail in 1333-1338 and published by his own because no publisher accepted to publish such a long novel written by an unknown writer but after its publish many famous writers admired his work.