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Pulmonic consonants
A pulmonic consonant is a consonant made by obstructing the glottis (the space between the vocal cords) or oral cavity (the mouth) and either simultaneously or subsequently letting out air from the lungs. Pulmonic consonants make up the majority of consonants in the IPA, as well as in human language. All consonants in the English language fall into this category.

The pulmonic consonant table, which includes most consonants, is arranged in rows that designate manner of articulation, meaning how the consonant is produced, and columns that designate place of articulation, meaning where in the vocal tract the consonant is produced. The main chart includes only consonants with a single place of articulation.

Notes
 * In rows where some letters appear in pairs (the obstruents), the letter to the right represents a voiced consonant (except breathy-voiced ). However, cannot be voiced, and the voicing of  is ambiguous. In the other rows (the sonorants), the single letter represents a voiced consonant.
 * Although there is a single letter for the coronal places of articulation for all consonants but fricatives, when dealing with a particular language, the letters may be treated as specifically dental, alveolar, or post-alveolar, as appropriate for that language, without diacritics.
 * Shaded areas indicate articulations judged to be impossible.
 * The letters represent either voiced fricatives or approximants.
 * In many languages, such as English, and  are not actually glottal, fricatives, or approximants. Rather, they are bare phonation.
 * It is primarily the shape of the tongue rather than its position that distinguishes the fricatives, , and.
 * Some listed phones are not known to exist as phonemes in any language.