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Original Wikipedia Article for Bottled Water (Bottled water- )

Bottled water is water packaged and compacted within plastic, reusable and recycled materials for drinking purposes. Water types ranging from minerals to distilled wate r can all be produced within these bottles, providing individuals with the ability to transport it wherever necessary. Bottled water is commonly known as being an essential in each household, whether in the fridge or in large liquid dispensers. That said, it is the most effective way to quickly consume, in a convenient way. That said, bottled water has become largely overused and wasted, as individuals easily take advantage of how accessible it is to grab and go. Bottled water was first invented in the early 1970's in North America.



Background
The idea of bottled water first originated through the concept of liquids being held in a "sac" like figure, made out of "animals skin" for the strict purpose of travel. It became of significance in the Holly Well located in the United Kingdom, during the year 60's. From there, the concept of bottled water grew drastically. It soon became a therapeutic methodology, as bottled water served a purpose within spas and therapy. Moreover, within these bottles, contained spring water from; meaning significantly more minerals for the intention of curing therapeutic diseases and aliments. Bottled water became highly suggested due to the lack of pathogen/chemicals it contained, making the option of drinking out of a bottle more justifiable.

Water and Energy Usage
On average, it takes 1.32 litres (L) of water to produce 1 L of bottled water. This includes 1 L of ingredient water and 0.32 L of water used in facility processes such as treatment, bottling, and maintenance. Small pack facilities (facilities that package water in containers between 8 oz. and 2.5 gallons) use the least amount of water (1.26 L per 1 L), followed by mixed packaging facilities (1.46 L per 1 L). Facilities that package water for home and office delivery in sizes of 2.5 gallons to 5 gallons use the most water (1.56 L per 1 L).

Bottled water has lower water usage than bottled soft drinks, which average 2.02 L per 1 L, as well as beer (4 L per 1 L) and wine (4.74 L per 1 L). The larger per-litre water consumption of these drinks can be attributed to additional ingredients and production processes, such as flavor mixing and carbonization for soft drinks and fermentation for beer and wine. In the United States, bottled water production represents 0.011% of annual water consumption.

Critics of bottled water argue that the industry should take in to account not just water used in its production and packaging process, but the total water footprint of its supply chain, which includes water used in the production of its packaging.

Usage Revised
On average, American`s ply approximately 50 billion water bottles (plastic) per year. Within each American household, water bottles are consumed 150 times each day Water bottles are consumed primary for quick hydration, but allow individuals a swift ability to consume liquids wherever and whenever. It rapidly becomes a habit, as bottled water is often a sense of security for individuals, rather than a quench for ones actual thirst. Thus, to produce water bottles, the process is almost doubled (1.32) as the energy used to preform this reproduction is enduring. Water bottles become declined when comparing to soft drinks, which in turn develops the ideology that plastic water bottles are being produced for unnecessary usage. Many argue bottled water companies should reconsider the usage of bottles used for liquids, to in turn make it significantly beneficial for the environment (i.e. recyclable).

Landfill and Waste
Although bottled water is convenient for individuals, what happens to these bottles after they have served the purpose as a container? After water from plastics is ingested, many throw these plastics away, where later they all end up in the landfill as waste. Overtime the pile up of these plastics becomes difficult to break down, and ultimately impossible to keep up with. Only 20-30% of plastics from bottled water alone, is recycled and remanufactured. Therefore, the remaining 70-80% of plastic bottles result in untouched and waste (2 billion).

Importance/Significance
For years bottled water has become increasingly more developed by different brands, through numerous factories, in every state. Bottled waters become consumed every second, 365 days a year. Found on the shelves of every store, bottled waters quickly result in the jeopardization of the environment due to the slow depletion. On average, bottled water takes about 450 years to decompose, where then it is released into the open waters of lakes, rivers and later oceans. Thus, causing disruption to these areas of living species, as the garbage is commonly mistaken for food. In addition, studies have concluded the findings of approximately 93 percent of mirco-plastic fibres found within these bottles, especially due to the warping of these bottles when heat becomes involved. The Canadian Government has recognized this particular issue of bottled water, and have regulated and suggested tap water instead. Whereas, purchasing a reusable water bottle not only strengthens the environment, but allows for safe and comfortable drinking without spending the money on packages of water bottles.

Types of water
Distilled, purified water, in Hong Kong

Some of the more common types of bottled water are:


 * Artesian water – this is water that originates from a confined aquifer that has been tapped and in which the water level stands at some height above the top of the aquifer.
 * Fluoridated – this type of water contains added fluoride. This category includes water classified as "For Infants" or "Nursery."
 * Groundwater – this type of water is from an underground source that is under a pressure equal to or greater than atmospheric pressure.
 * Mineral water – water from a mineral spring that contains various minerals, such as salts and sulfur compounds. It comes from a source tapped at one or more bore holes or spring, and originates from a geologically and physically protected underground water source. No minerals may be added to this water.
 * Purified water – this type of water has been produced by distillation, deionization, reverse osmosis, or other suitable processes. Purified water may also be referred to as "demineralized water".
 * Sparkling water – Sparkling water contains the same amount of carbon dioxide that it had at emergence from the source. The carbon dioxide may be removed and replenished after treatment.
 * Spring water – this type of water comes from an underground formation from which water flows naturally to the Earth's surface.
 * Sterile water – this type of water meets sterilization requirements, for example, those specified under "sterility tests" in the United States Pharmacopoeia.
 * Well water – well water is taken from a hole tapping, etc. This hole may be bored, drilled, or otherwise constructed in the ground.

Types of Water (Revised)
In Japan, specifically, water is formulated as purified. Due to wide exposure of chemicals and life-endangering pollution, water found within Asian specific countries becomes dangerous to consume.

Down below are examples of water types found within bottles...


 * Artesian water: water solely based through an "Artesian" water well. It is only produced when a sub-surfaced rock transmits pressure, which results in the release of Artesian water. Moreover, Artesian water is then transmitted through a well, for which it is released and intended for drinking purposes.
 * Fluoridated water: water which is formulated through the dispersing of the fluoride mineral through a public water supply. Fluoridated water is especially found within exposed water in households, i.e. tap water. Fluoride water provides an "effective" way to prevent health issues such as a cavity. Moreover, consuming a considerable amount of fluoride is not suggested, as it can result in dental fluorosis. Signifying greater chances for tooth depletion, such as streakings, pits, or more importantly holes.
 * Ground water: water that is fundamental resource within Canadian borders. Ground water is strictly found underneath the surface, as it is a safe supply for Canadians to live off of. Ground water provides a healthy and stable resource for all consumers within Canada, yet is considerably "unappreciated".
 * Mineral water: water that features natural minerals and gases within its coding. Mineral water is requires natural essentials, yet often times is created artificially, with the reproduction of similar minerals i.e. salts. Authentic Mineral water is beneficial for improving an individual's health, but reformulated Mineral water does not correlate to similar outcomes.
 * Purified water: water that is filtered out by the removal of any harsh chemicals. Purified water is formulated from either tap water or ground water. This allows for the safe consumption of water, through a reliable resource.
 * Sparking water: water which contains carbonate (carbon dioxide), which releases pressure, in turn gives off the bubbly effect that it is commonly known for. Sparking water is strictly created for drinking purposes.
 * Spring water: water that is contained from a natural resource. This source of water is not forbidden for consuming, but its neither highly suggested. Spring water is often not tested when in a large area, but is tested when being distributed into bottles.
 * Sterile water: water that is "sterilized", mainly for irrigation (water irrigation). Sterile water also becomes useful during medical situations and events such as surgeries. Sterile water is stable water.
 * Well water: water that is received from underground source, gathered by the tapping in of this resource.

Reflection
When evaluating an article...

Is everything in the article relevant to the article topic?

Yes.

Is there anything that distracted you?

No.

Is any information out of date?

No.

Is anything missing that could be added?

No.

What else could be improved?

Yes, negative background history of bottled water.

Is the article neutral?

Yes.

Are there any claims that appear heavily biased toward a particular position?

Yes, that bottled water can be positive, but is primarily negative.

Are there viewpoints that are overrepresented, or underrepresented?

Yes, underrepresented- how negative it is for the environment.

Check a few citations.

Do the links work?

Yes.

Does the source support the claims in the article?

Yes.

Is each fact referenced with an appropriate, reliable reference?

Yes.

Where does the information come from? Are these neutral sources?

From scholarly sources or creditable articles.

If biased, is that bias noted?

Yes, a little.

After evaluating (Talk Pages)

What kinds of conversations, if any, are going on behind the scenes about how to represent this topic?

That this topic is very controversial and can be prevented if water bottles were largely band.

How is the article rated?

The original article was poor and lacking significant information.

Is it a part of any WikiProjects?

Yes.

How does the way Wikipedia discusses this topic differ from the way we've talked about it in class?

It differs because it provides biased and unbiased information, yet in class there was primarily only one way to approach this.