User:SageOfSaudade/Women's Democratic Movement/Purplelily21 Peer Review

General info
(provide username) SageOfSaudade
 * Whose work are you reviewing?


 * Link to draft you're reviewing User:SageOfSaudade/Women's Democratic Movement:
 * Link to the current version of the article (if it exists)

Evaluate the drafted changes
(Compose a detailed peer review here, considering each of the key aspects listed above if it is relevant. Consider the guiding questions, and check out the examples of what feedback looks like.)

Second Review

Good job adding more information about the group! You've done a lot of work revising and it should be ready to move to the main space after you address a few things I've noted in the text. There are some small places to correct for grammar, wording, etc. and some spots where you could clarify a little more or add a little more info. Also, your lead is on the longer side and I think it would be better to move the extra paragraphs to another section. But otherwise it's ready to be published after all that! Let me know if you have any questions or want me to look over anything before you move it over.

= Movimiento Democrático de Mujeres[edit] = The Women's Democratic Movement (Be sure to be consistent in the names, it's in Spanish in the header above) (Spanish: Movimiento Democrático de Mujeres; MDM) was an underground feminist organization that was active during the late stages of the Franco regime in the mid-1970s (Add in Spain or something similar). The organization was associated with the Communist Party of Spain (PCE), which was — at the time — also active despite repression. Founded in 1965, MDM boasted a diverse membership of women of different backgrounds and political affiliations, all united to combat the deprivation of women's rights, the imposition of gender roles, the persistence of patriarchy, and various other issues under Francisco Franco's rule. The organization was established out of concern that the PCE was excluding women in the anti-Franco movement; notable founding members include Dulcinea Bellido, Maruja Cazcarra, Paquita Martín de Isidro, and Carmen Rodríguez, all of whom were members of the aforementioned Communist Party.

Utilizing entryism, maintaining a non-sectarian outlook, and emphasizing coalition-building and consciousness raising, MDM sought to mobilize women such as housewives who were not particularly experienced in organizing — specifically food insecurity and spousal persecution campaigns. MDM's campaigns also targeted more broader, systemic issues, such as gender inequality, education, labor conditions, and inequities in civil law.

Movimiento Democrático de Mujeres was legalized in 1976, following Franco's death and Spain's transition to democracy. However, despite its contributions to anti-Francoist organizing and feminist mobilization, radical figures and organizations critiqued MDM's 'doble militancia' or, rather, its collaboration with male-dominated parties and supposedly reactionary groups within Spanish society. Some, most notably la Asociación de Amas de Casa, accused MDM of fostering 'colonial' relationships with its 'partners.' This skepticism of MDM — along with the end of the Franco regime — resulted in a fade into obscurity. (Is this your whole lead section? It's rather long for a lead section and I would recommend moving some of the material. It should really be a brief introduction to the most pertinent information. I would recommend moving the last two paragraphs. It's well written and good information but I think it would be better in another spot)

The Franco Regime[edit]
On July 18, 1936 General Fransisco Franco and his military forces led a revolt against the left Republican government that would turn into a long lasting and brutal civil war for Spain. By October 1, 1936 Franco had become Chief of State and by 1938 his militarily victory against the left Republican government was almost all but confirmed. On April 1, 1939 he would go on to obtain full control of the nation and from that point on until his passing he would go unchallenged. Throughout his rule, he had little support or sympathy for those he considered to be defeated and his regime would be characterized by his punishment for those that disagreed with him or opposed him.

The Franco regime would go on to arrest, exile, and sentence thousands of republicans from the old regime to concentration camps. Women were also heavily affected by the Franco regime as many of them were arrested during the civil war period or killed during skirmishes with civil guards. Women saw devaluation of their social rights as they were kept from higher education and holding public office positions. Under the Franco regime, civil marriage and divorce were also abolished and contraceptives such as birth control were banned.

The Rise of Spanish Feminism[edit]
The Franco regime, patriarchal and socially conservative in nature, deprived women of basic rights that they had enjoyed under the previous Second Republic. Women were expected now to be reserved to private manners (spaces maybe? instead of manners?) and roles such as being a mother to their children and ensuring the house was kept well and maintained while husbands went out and provided for their families. When women married they were also expected to stop working and if they wanted to pursue a career they needed the permission from their husbands. Laws passed under the Franco regime made it so women were an accessory to their husbands with reduced social rights that stopped them from divorcing, achieving equal education, job opportunities, and more. The Franco regime saw challenges and resistance following the death of Francisco Franco in 1975. The increased struggle culminated in the creation of neighborhood associations with the first female mobilizations coming from 1952-1960. Among these neighborhood associations was El Movimiento Democrático de Mujeres.

Formation of Movimiento Democrático de Mujeres[edit]
The Socialist Party gained traction during this period, and the increase in political tensions approached a boiling point with the advent of neighborhood associations directly combatting the new regime. Among these associations was the Movimiento Democrático de Mujeres which arose from women closely attached to the Communist Party of Spain. (Can you differentiate between the socialist and communist party? It sounds right now like they're separate and if this is right, was there also a rise in the communist party? Did the socialist party's rise create more tension that helped the MDM form?) These women included Dulcinea Bellido, Maruja Cazcarra, Paquita Martín de Isidro, and Carmen Rodríguez who were all members of the Communist Party of Spain, but felt that the party had sidelined their efforts and chose males to represent the anti-Franco movement.

However, the Communist Party of Spain understood the need for a united women's front fighting for the same ideas. Therefore the women of the Communist Party of Spain created the Movimiento Democrático de Mujeres in 1965. and It was headed by women such as Dulcinea Bellido, Maruja Cazcarra, Paquita Martín de Isidro, Carmen Rodríguez, and other independent feminists with the aim of building alliances with non-party female activists. The Movimiento Democrático de Mujeres is particularly notable for its contribution to the democratization of Spanish society after the authoritarian Franco period concluded. (Would suggest moving the extra paragraphs from the lead either here or the next section)

Movimiento Democrático de Mujeres’s Organizing Efforts and Activism[edit]
The Movimiento Democrático de Mujeres hosted among the first few meetings for women empowerment and feminist ideas, held in the late 1960s. These meetings mostly focused on raising awareness for the women’s cause and advocating for female participation in their political struggle. However, the main objective of these meetings was to bring in women who were not involved in the labor movement to participate in anti-Franco organizing, mainly housewives. Initially, there was little focus on gender differences and conflict: the focus was on creating alliances with women not involved in the PCE. The Movimiento Democrático de Mujeres used a technique of entryism — wherein the organization encouraged its members to join other organizations in order to expand their cause and bring in new members — by joining housewife organizations.

At first, the Movimiento Democrático de Mujeres emphasized issues like food prices or solidarity with their persecuted male loved ones, as it was believed that these issues would more easily mobilize housewives. Although the group was connected to the Communist Party, the MDM had an autonomous front, and one of its primary drawing factors was its acceptance of various ideologies, including socialism and Christianity alongside its communist backing. The organization understood that feminists needed to address political situations to initiate more progress – including gender equity and social rights such as coeducation, civil marriage, divorce, and recognition of paternity – and its members were increasingly concerned with raising consciousness within a separate sphere of political struggle for women.

The Movimiento Democrático de Mujeres was not necessarily motivated by feminist understandings or issues of gender conflict; rather, it attempted to mobilize those in the labor movement on a localized level as a way to oppose the Franco dictatorship. As time went on, they began to fight against food shortages, sought to promote sexual equality, and created facilities that would assist them in child-rearing and upkeeping their homes, including nurseries and cantinas. MDM members entrusted organizing efforts to housewives who could be united on these specific fronts. These particular activists aspired to achieve recognition of the domestic sphere as a space that transcended traditional notions of oppressed matriarchs.

Additionally, after the Movimiento Democrático de Mujeres was able to establish itself in various cities, it fought for equal education by posting announcements and bulletins across these cities. By specifically focusing on coalition building, Movimiento Democrático de Mujeres marked the first movement for individuals to mobilize on issues of gender and class external from party political affiliations. Movimiento Democrático de Mujeres was not particularly focused on establishing distinctly political alliances; it centered on establishing extra institutional feminisms by forming solidarity across different organizations and through coalition-building efforts.

Movimiento Democrático de Mujeres’s Decline[edit]
Although the MDM still exists today, it has much less political and feminist significance than it did in the 1960s and 1970s. One factor in the MDM's waning influence was that of differing theoretical notions on the left and competing ideologies. Some radical activists preferred the prioritization of working women or wives of workers in mobilization and active participation, with explicit exclusion of the rest of the population considered to be too privileged. Other individuals further considered how to approach women’s oppression as it intersected with class division. “Doble militancia” – the ability for some women to achieve activist roles in a political party and women’s group simultaneously – was particularly debated within MDM. More radical feminists and those who acknowledged the intersection of gender and class believed that doble militancia should be rejected in favor of exclusive focus on women’s group activism. Some radicals also rejected cooperation and collaboration with male-dominated political parties, but the MDM primarily agreed to work with a variety of spheres of Spanish society in solidarity against Franco.

Another shortcoming of the Movimiento Democrático de Mujeres that contributed to its eventual decline in membership and influence was the experiences of allied organizations alluding to colonization. The Asociación de Amas de Casa was one such group that described its relationship with Movimiento Democrático de Mujeres as a colonization rather than a free, willful partnership. Other organizations allied with Movimiento Democrático de Mujeres expressed sentiments of increased division after an initial loose alliance.

Contemporary Relevance[edit]
Despite the MDM's gradual decline, it continues to have a legacy today. It is generally referred to when discussing the fascist regime of the twentieth century, especially how feminist advocacy and activism helped secure women's rights and freedoms in Spain. Recently, the FemiAgenda—a Spanish journal discussing feminist news, discussions, and opinions—posted an article dedicated to the MDM, recalling its success in mobilizing women of different ages, classes, and ideologies to fight for their cause. The MDM website is still active and tends to post singling out certain women activists and their work, such as Sonia Sánchez. It also outlines the necessary work in other Spanish-speaking countries or areas, such as Latin America, and brings awareness to the women's rights issues occurring in these countries. The website continues to update readers on domestic women's rights issues, though it also provides opportunities for readers to contribute their opinions through discussion posts and letters to the staff. Although the MDM no longer works as the nationwide platform for female mobilization, it furthers its legacy through spreading information and engaging with the public, allowing women to both understand domestic and national issues while also contributing their opinions and having their voices heard.

This article is a good start to the project and conveys a lot of important information about this group. However, there are still a lot of areas where you need to include more context, information, and so on before it can be published. You especially need more historical context about 20th century Spain and the Franco regime, which feels missing. You could also include more specific details about the group, as I've noted throughout the text. Additionally, there are some places that should be edited further for grammar, wording, clarity, etc. and some are especially confusing in the way they are currently written. I've left comments throughout the text in parenthesis and in bold. Let me know if you have any questions! - Sara

= Movimiento Democrático de Mujeres[edit] = From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Women's Democratic Movement (Spanish: Movimiento Democrático de Mujeres; MDM) was an underground feminist organization that was active during the late stages of the Franco regime in the mid-1970s. The organization was associated with the Communist Party of Spain, which was — at the time — also active despite repression. (Is the name of your entry going to be an Spanish or English? Make sure to be consistent. Also, perhaps mention some of the founding members?)

Formation of MDM [edit] (Spell out the group's name in the headings. Again, be consistent in what you refer to them as)
After years of social and political struggle in Spain, women increasingly began to see their social rights such as education, marriage, divorce, etc. become devalued. The new Spanish state regime (Franco's regime? May be useful to explain this history/context first) had imposed its will on what it meant to be a woman and how to act as a woman. Being a woman was now expected to be private manners, meaning being a woman was a good housewife (Be more specific about the changes that were implemented by the regime and what womanhood looked like before Franco as I'm sure that there also wasn't expectations to be housewives. Also be sure to include citations here). Women were only seen to be as useful as their bodies could be. Women who actively opposed the new regime were arrested, punished, and in the worst cases killed in protest. The authoritarian system of rule that developed in the post-Spanish Civil War period was substantially challenged following the death of Francisco Franco in 1975 (Monica Threfall). The Socialist Party gained traction during this period, and the increase in tensions hit its boiling point as the creation of neighborhood associations to directly combat the new regime began to arise (The wording of this sentence is kind of confusing...). Among these associations was the Movimiento Democratico de Mujeres (MDM) which arose from women closely attached to the Communist Party in Spain (Be more specific - who, when, etc.). The MDM was founded around 1965 (Is the exact year not known?) and was headed by members of PCE and independent feminists with the aim of building alliances with non-party female activists. The MDM is particularly notable for its contribution to the democratization of Spanish society after the authoritarian Franco period concluded (Monica Threfall). (This paragraph seems centered more on the historical background, though I think this needs more context as well especially in regard to the Franco regime. Perhaps the name should be changed to reflect this?)

MDM’s Organizing/Activism[edit]
The MDM’s hosted among the first few meetings for women were held in the late 1960s, mostly focused on raising awareness for the women’s cause and advocating for female participation in their political struggle (This sentence is confusing). However, the main objective of these meetings was to bring in women who were not involved in the labor movement to participate in anti-Franco organizing—there was little focus on gender differences and conflict (talk about specific examples if you can). The MDM used a technique of entryism—wherein the organization encouraged its members to join other organizations in order to expand their cause and bring in new members(This is a little confusing - what other organizations did the MDM encourage them to join or was it the other way around?)—by joining housewife organizations. So at first, the MDM emphasized issues like food prices or solidarity with their persecuted male loved ones were primarily emphasized, as it was believed that these issues would more easily mobilize housewives. Although the group was connected to the Communist Party, the MDM had an autonomous front, and one of its primary drawing factors was its acceptance of various ideologies, including socialism and Christianity alongside its communist backing. The organization understood that feminists needed to address political situations to initiate more progress(What political situations and progress in what?), and its members were increasingly concerned with raising consciousness within a separate sphere of political struggle for women. Interestingly, MDM was not necessarily motivated narrowly by feminist understandings or issues of gender conflict; rather, it attempted to mobilize those in the labor movement on a localized level as a way to oppose the Franco dictatorship (Monica Threfall). As time went on, they began to fight against food shortages, sought to promote sexual equality, and created facilities that would assist them in child-rearing and upkeeping their homes, including nurseries and cantinas. MDM members entrusted that housewives could be united on these specific fronts. Additionally, after the MDM was able to establish itself in various cities, it fought for equal education by posting announcements and bulletins across these cities. By specifically focusing on coalition building, MDM marked the first movement for individuals to mobilize on issues of gender and class external from party political affiliations. MDM was not particularly focused on establishing distinctly political alliances; it centered on establishing extra institutional feminisms by forming solidarity across different organizations and through coalition-building efforts (Real and virtual city) (Be sure to add in actual citations).

MDM’s Collapse[edit]
(When did MDM collapse?) One factor in MDM’s collapse was that of differing theoretical notions on the left, including a prioritization of working women or wives of workers in mobilization and active participation, with explicit exclusion of the rest of the population considered too privileged (This sentence is very confusing...). Some individuals further considered how to approach women’s oppression as it intersected with class division. “Doble militancia” – the ability for some women to achieve activist roles in a political party and women’s group simultaneously – was particularly debated in the MDM space. More radical feminists and those who acknowledged the intersection of gender and class believed that doble militancia should be rejected in favor of exclusive focus on women’s group activism (Threlfall). Some radicals also rejected cooperation and collaboration with male-dominated political parties, but MDM primarily agreed to work with a variety of spheres of Spanish society in solidarity against Franco (Real and Virtual City). Another shortcoming of MDM contributing to its eventual collapse was the experiences of allied organizations alluding to colonization. The Asociación de Amas de Casa was one such group that described its relationship with MDM as a colonization rather than a free, willful partnership. Other organizations allied with MDM expressed sentiments of increased division after an initial loose alliance (Real and Virtual City). (While this section does a good job analyzing some of the reasons the MDM collapses, it doesn't say as much about the concrete details of this collapse, including when and what happened)

Historical Context[edit]
=== The Franco Regime[edit] (Are you going to add a section about historical context? Because I think the article would benefit greatly from more context, especially on the Franco regime. Right now, this feels missing) ===