User:SahamAli/sandbox

RACE, ETHNICITY and Public Responses to Climate Change
 * Link: https://environment.yale.edu/climate-communication-OFF/files/Race_Ethnicity_and_Climate_Change_2.pdf

Notes:


 * Quote from Angela Park:
 * “The climate change movement still remains highly homogenous by race and class and significantly by gender in its leadership. Even in 2009, climate briefings held across the country consistently feature mostly male and all-white casts. Like other pockets of environmental and conservation movements, climate change still suffers from the perception, and arguably the reality, that it is a movement led by and designed for the interests of the white, upper-middle class. Many people erroneously believe that interest in environmental issues is dependent on race, education, and class. To the contrary, growing numbers of people of color working in the environmental field and public polling demonstrate that reality often differs from conventional assumptions.”
 * This report has a focus on racial and ethhnic groups in regards to global warming and energy policy in the U.S
 * “In the United States this includes many Hispanics, African Americans and other racial and ethnic groups who are likely to be more vulnerable to heat waves, extreme weather events, environmental degradation, and subsequent labor market dislocations.”

Concepts for Studying Urban Environmental Justice


 * Link: https://sci-hub.tw/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40572-017-0123-6

Notes:


 * Importance of looking at urban environmental justice through a structural racism framework
 * What this allows is to look at the different factors that cause certain population to be more affected by environmental injustices
 * Structural racism is, “bias across institutions and society and the cumulative and compounded effects of an array of factors that systematically privilege white people and disadvantage people of color”
 * According to the paper structural racism can be an entry point for the creation of environmental justice
 * “Flint is only a recent case of a long history of environmental racism in cities, such as lack of garbage removal and segregated hospitals in African-American neighborhoods in the 1960s, to lack of enforcement of illegal dumping of hazardous waste in the 1970s and 1980s, to disproportionate lead paint and air pollution exposures in the 1990s through today”
 * Here the article acknowledges the long history of disparities in marginalized communities but we only know of a few like what is going on in Flint Michigan but this has been going on for so long