User:Sahmofor/sandbox

After reading the the lead or first section of the article Open Systems Interconnection, I was satisfied with the introduction because I understood what it was all about. I do have some suggestions that I belief if included will make this article better. To begin with, I think the criticism section of this article should be removed because it makes the article looks biased. In a addition, the article has limited references, thus needs some additional sources to aid readers have more insight of what they author talking about is writing about .Also, a body should be added to this article, and it should include the definition of the various layers with examples, how data are called at each layer e.g application layer is data and transport layer is Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol(UDP) etc..., and an explanation of the process of Encapsulation(sending data where the data is augmented with successive layers of control information before transmission across a network) and and de-encapsulation( the opposite of encapsulation). Finally, the TCP/IP Stack should be added together with the diagram to the history portion of this article. Below is the an edited version of this article.

Open Systems Interconnection. Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) is a reference/logical model that was designed to describe the functions of the communication system by dividing the communication procedure into smaller and simpler components (Achiv & Palak, 2018). Rene Molenaar (2013) has explained the OSI model below: Around the 80s, the development of network was very chaotic. Each manufacturer had it           its own proprietary solution. The bad part was that one vendor’s solution was not compatible with another vendor’s solution. This is where the idea for the OSI-model was born. Having a layered approach to network, our hardware vendor would design hardware for the network, and other could develop software for the application layer. Using an open model which everyone agrees on means we can build networks that are compatible with each other. To fix this problem, the International Organization for Standardization researched network models and the result was the OSI-model released in 1984 (p.21). This model is made up of seven layers with data called differently at each layer of the model. The seven layers are the Application layer ( where communication partners are identified ), the Presentation layer ( which converts data format), the Session layer ( sets, coordinates and terminates conversations), the transport layer   (manages packages and delivers the packets including checking for error in the data that arrives ), the Network layer (handles addressing and routing of data ), the Data-Link layer ( sets up links across the physical network, putting packet into frames ), and  finally the physical layer which conveys the bit stream across the network either electrically, mechanically or through radio waves (Rouse M. April, 2019). When communication moves from lower layer to upper layers, it called encapsulation and decapsulation when data moves the opposite way. Encapsulation is the process of taking data from one protocol and translating it into another protocol, so the data can continue across a network (Computer Hope 2017). For example, a TCP/IP packet contained within an ATM frame is a form of encapsulation. Decapsulation on the other hand is the reverse process of encapsulation, wherein each layer at the receiving computer, interprets the header information sent by its peer layer, takes the required action based on the information and finally removes the header, before passing on the data to the next higher layer ( Winston June 5, 2017). References Sahmofor (talk) 02:39, 7 May 2019 (UTC)Achiv C., & Palak J. (2018) Computer Network I TCP/IP Layer. Retrieved from https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/computer-network-tcpip-model/ Encapsulation. (2017). Computer Hope. Retrieved from. https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/encapsul.htm. Molenaar R. (2013). How to Master Cisco Certified Network Associate. Rouse M. (April, 2019). OSI Model (Open Systems Interconnection). Retrieved from https://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/OSI. Winston W (June 5, 2015). Computer Networking Demystified. Retrieved from https://computernetworkingsimplified.wordpress.com/site/

(Sahmofor (talk) 02:39, 7 May 2019 (UTC))