User:Saleh Masoumi/Phyllotaxy towers

Phyllotaxy Towers, Phyllotaxis Towers or Phyllotactic Towers are kind of "Phyllotactic Architecture" or sort of practical applying of Phyllotaxis in Architecture. Also they are kind of Biomimicry.

History
Nearly all of the residential towers that have been built so far have had a big common weak point. Residents of these towers do not have access to the open sky above, because their apartments do not have yards. This common characteristic of the tall residential buildings have had many negative psychological consequences on people and especially on children.

Architecture
From architectural point of view, this usual weak point is due to the fact that in almost the entire built and proposed residential towers the floor of the upstairs is the ceiling of the downstairs. So there is no possibility for having yard in the units.

Yards
Yard has been an ancient and fundamental component of human housing during the history, but the contemporary high-rise residential architecture has neglected this vital part of human housing. A house without a yard is not a house; it is an apartment unit (flat) and an apartment unit is not a natural place for human being to live, because it ignores the result of thousands years of human life, namely yard.

Phyllotaxy Towers
Units of a phyllotaxy tower do not have common floor slabs which is the essential difference between the Phyllotaxy system and Lecorbusier’s Domino system. In phyllotaxy towers, each apartment unit has its own open-to-the-sky-yard, so it is possible to name each unit of these towers a house.

Energy concerns
The requirement of having yard for each unit of phyllotaxy towers has a secondary result: The surface area to volume ratio of the tower is reached the maximum level and it means the maximum ability to harvest natural energy. Because of this characteristic, the contact surface of the towers to outdoor is high, so it causes high temperature fluctuation during year (or day and night) or might cause high level of energy loosing in some climates, but because the phyllotaxy towers can harvest maximum level of solar energy and natural ventilation it is possible to establish a balance between the extra loosed and gained energy.

Phyllotaxy
The studies show that the arrangement of leaves on a plant stem is in some specific patterns to enable the plants harvesting maximum of natural sources. These patterns are called phyllotaxy and in a phyllotaxy tower some of these patterns are applied about the houses around the central core. The vertical and horizontal distances between the houses in phyllotaxy towers can be varied through different phyllotactic patterns, based on the geographical area and climatic condition. Dimer, Trimer and Tetramer arrangements are some of the architectural phyllotactic patterns.

Architectural qualities
Almost all parts of the phyllotaxy tower have direct access to fresh air and sun light. The houses cast the possible least amount of shadow on each other due to the phyllotactic pattern, similar to the way that leaves in plants do.

Urban planning
It should be mentioned that, the science of urbanism is trying to solve a complicated problem at present in the field of sustainability. The problem is: how could a city be compact and human-friendly? How could a city be dense and apartments of that city have yards and gardens coincidently? The phyllotaxy towers solve this dilemma of sustainability easily.

Outcomes

 * No one can estimate the amount of negative effects of living in the yard-less apartments on human being. Presenting a prototype for residential towers that can be adopted with some different climates in which all unites have their own open-to-the-sky yard is completely new.
 * If simulations and calculations show that phyllotaxy towers have not any weak point from financial point of view during a 50-year period, they can make a drastic revolution in the residential high-rise building and new generation in urban planning, because phyllotaxy towers can make dense cities in which people have yards and gardens in their apartments.
 * As Phyllotaxy towers can adopt their self with different climates, they are not limited to a restricted time or area. They can be applied broadly.

More Images on Phyllotaxy Towers
Here

Case Studies

 * URBAN CACTUS HIGH-RISE
 * ‘Mangal City’ Skyscrapers
 * BAMBOO SUNFLOWER TOWER
 * FIBONACCI TOWER
 * GOLDEN ANGLE TOWER

External links on Phyllotaxy

 * Star Cage
 * phaselab
 * 
 * MathWorld
 * math.smith
 * Phyllotaxis: The Fibonacci Sequence in Nature
 * Twig and Leaf Phyllotaxy
 * Phyllotaxis Spirals in 3D