User:Salokavinka/sandbox

=Actinoplanes italicus=

Actinoplanes italicus belongs to a characterized by aerial mycelium and motile spores. Unlike most Actinoplanes which generally produce a yellow or orange vegetative mycelium and do not produce soluble pigments,Actinoplanes italicus is distinguished by the cherry-red color of its vegetative mycelium and by the production of soluble pigments. It is also known to produce sporangia when cultured on starch or skim milk agar A single strain of the organism has been isolated, strain A 5521, which serves as a basis for describing both the species and the type of strain.

Phylogeny
A. italicus belongs to the phylum Actinobacteria. It is most closely related to Actinoplanes couchii with 98.9 percent similarity using 16S rRNA sequence data REFERENCE.

Physiology
A. italicus produces H2S in peptone-yeast-extract-iron agar. Within a skim milk agar medium, it was able to hydrolyze casein. Other notable physiological characteristics include its ability to liquefy gelatin, produce tyrosinase, and peptonization without cogulation. The optimal growth temperature ranges between 28 to 37°C.

Carbon Source
A. italicus utilizes inositol, fructose, rhamnose, mannitol, xylose, arabinose, sucrose,glucose as carbon sources for growth. It differs from many members of its genus such as A utahensis and A. missouriensis, which do not utilize inositol; from A phillipinesis and A. armeniacus, which utilize raffinose; and from A. brasiliensis and A phillipinesis, which utilize cellulose. A. italicus is also noted to use natural rubber as a sole carbon source.

Soluble Pigments
When cultured in different growth media, A. italicus tends to produce varying soluble pigments based on what it is grown on. In some agar, such as nutrient agar, calcium-malate agar, and Bennet's agar, A. italicus does not produce any pigment at all. On oatmeal, starch, and skim milk agar, the characteristic cherry red pigment is produced. An amber color is produced when the organism is cultured on Hickey and Tresner agar, potato agar, and nitrate broth whereas glucose asparagine agar and tyrosine agar would result in a pink color. A deep orange yellowish pigment is produced by growth on Czapek glucose agar.