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Economic History
During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Xiamen was a hub of contraband trade and pirate activity. It was fortified in 1387 to try and ward off pirates which is also when the name "Xiamen" was first used. During the Qing dynasty, after the opium wars, trade with Europeans opened as Xiamen was designated as a treaty port and it continued its dynastic characteristic of being a maritime trade hub. British trade expanded from 380,000 silver dollars in 1843 to over 2 million in 1852. It was also a migration hub of the time as more than 100,000 Chinese annually returned or left China through this treaty port from 1866 through the republic era. World War two, the Sino Japanese war, and the Chinese civil war put an end to Xiamen's economic prosperity during the pre revolution time period.

Opening Up and Reform Period
Xiamen was one of five Special Economic Zones designated in 1980. Continuing from its dynastic period, Xiamen became an important maritime cargo and container port to allow shipping from major world ports into China. It was also considered to be the investment center for Taiwan in Mainland China with Xiamen's province, Fujian, being responsible for 32.1% of all Taiwanese funds in the mainland. Xiamen's gross national product increased by 4.9 times over the 10 years since it opened in 1980 to 5.016 billion RMB. Other statistical increases include a 6.3 times increase in industrial and agricultural output value and per capital income increased from 631 RMB to 3720 RMB over the same 10 year span.

Future Plans (as of 2023)
With the release of the cities most recent 5 year plan, the 14th one, the city has committed to invest more in national innovation platforms and research centers. The SEZ will add .5% more of the cities GDP to R&D spending. Xiamen will also continue to invest in the core of their industries including "trade and logistics, financial services, software, information and technology services, and creative cultural tourism".