User:Samantha Fratus/sandbox

Applying the theory to membership organizations Those in the military are sometimes faced with things that they might not morally agree with. They have a sense of “patriotic obligation” to their country, even if they feel the war they are fighting is “unjust.” This patriotic obligation stems from their loyalty to their government and country. They feel that they need to do as their told in order to be a loyal citizen. Asheri-Shahaf 2015

Applying the theory to emigration According to Dako-gyeke 2016, Ghana students intended to migrate for a chance at an overall better quality of life, more career options, and a possibility of continuing their education. These students hope to ‘exit’ their current situation due to their lack of resources, lack of income, or lack of job opportunities. They are ‘withdrawing their relationship’ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exit,_Voice,_and_Loyalty) with their current community/home country to try and prosper somewhere new. Special problems Research is limited on whether exiting is a strategy for those who hold powerful positions. Holbein 2016. In China, the middle class people did not voice their opinions for political change, and instead used an approach called “remonstrations.” They instead pledge their loyalty and blame the lower level officials. Nathan 2016

Applying the theory to political situations There was a point in time when women were not able to voice their political opinion. Their ‘voice’ was shut down because they were not able to vote or take part in political positions. Interjurisdictional competition played a role in helping women with property rights where they would be able to seek education, occupations, and investments. Lemke 2016. Voting can be considered a type of voice for citizens. Their vote can affect who has power in political positions. When a government is showing signs of downfall, people may use both voice and exit strategies. Exiting seems to be a stronger strategy when it comes to democratic accountability. High numbers of exiting can be detrimental for government officials. It is shown as a sign of incompetency, and those officials are less likely to be re elected. Exiting can have crucial impact on government officials. Holbein 2016.

Applying the theory to employment situations According to Choi & Chung 2016 some feel as though the competent wages given in teacher unions are responsible for fewer turnovers. Unions provide a platform for their employees to voice their concerns, and in turn, employees are able to voice how they feel rather than try to retreat from or ‘exit’ their union. The findings show, that the schools with greater policies for voicing concerns have lower rates of turnover. The article used a 2014 Bureau of Labor report to find that 4.5 million of local government unions are teacher unions. With that number being so large, this information would be useful to those who want insight on how to keep their union workers happy. This information would also be useful for those looking for better grievance policies. According to Gunnarsdóttir, 2016, middle managers in welfare positions are feeling emotional tension in their duties from having to receive and enforce organizational change. This leaves them susceptible to having their loyalty doubted. Due to this they feel like they aren’t able to ‘voice’ their concerns. They were able to execute strategies that evenly dispersed opposing outlooks while remaining autonomous during a radical change. O'Meara, Bennett & Neihaus. 2016, discuss what might “pull” staff members away from their job, one example being better wages. They also discuss what might “push” them away from their job, one example being that they are unhappy with their current work circumstances. These faculty members are leaving for a number of reasons. Money and uncomfortable working circumstances are examples. Some might not be able to tolerate new leadership, or changes in the way they are expected to work. Saifullah & Shahida 2016 suggests that both professional respect and employer-employee relation influenced the employees’ loyalty, but the effect of employer-employee was larger. Having a good relationship with employees has real reactions on their loyalty. Samantha Fratus (talk) 16:57, 22 October 2016 (UTC)