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= Hiawatha = Hiawatha was a Native American man that lived during the pre-colonial times in what is now the state of New York. Born in circa 1525 much was not known about Hiawatha until his later years. Although Hiawatha was a real man, he was mostly known for his legend. Future generations would know of him through a song called “The Song of Hiawatha". What we do know is that he had a large impact in the creation of the Iroquois Confederacy. Most likely he was a member and chief of the easternmost tribe of the Iroquois, also known as the Mohawks. Or a leader of the Onondaga tribe. Many researchers on Hiawatha are not sure if he was one or the other, or both just at different times. In the stories of Hiawatha, we learn that he was born in the Onondaga tribe. His mother was an Onondaga and loved her son she believed he would be a strong and a great hunter. One of the things Hiawatha was most memorable for was his great speech and message of peace. Hiawatha was a husband and a father, he had many daughters. Sadly, his wife and daughters were killed from an opposing enemy leaving Hiawatha grief-stricken. It was not until a prophet, “The Great Peacemaker”, visited Hiawatha that he was healed and became the great leader of peace as people know him now. Nothing much is left to know about Hiawatha. The reason and time of his death is unknown. However his legacy is still passed on from generation to generation through oral stories, songs, and books.

The Iroquois Confederacy
Within the Iroquois Confederacy, which originally included five tribes (Mohawk, Onondaga, Oneida, Cayuga, and Seneca), Hiawatha was a leader from the Mohawk tribe. There he was well-known, and highly thought of by all of the tribes. He was a great speaker, and would eventually become the representative for the Great Peacemaker. The Great Peacemaker, also known as Dekanawidah, was a man who would hope to spread peace throughout all of the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Territory. The reason for the Peacemaker to have a representative is due to the fact that he had a speech impediment. Hiawatha was willing to speak on behalf of Dekanawidah because violence had been developing throughout the Iroquois Territory. During these times of chaos, an Onondaga leader named Tadodaho, who had despised the idea of peace, targeted and killed Hiawatha's wife and daughters. This lead to Hiawatha becoming the Peacemaker's speaker, so he could stop this violence. Dekanawidah and Hiawatha eventually obtained peace throughout the Iroquois by promising Tadodaho that Onondaga would become the capital of the Grand Council, which was the main governing body of the Iroquois. Hiawatha and Dekanawidah created the Great Law of Peace in Wampum belts, to solidify the bond between the original five nations of the Iroquois.

Wampum Belt
Hiawatha belts are a type of Wampum belt that symbolize peace between the five tribes of the Iroquois. They depict the tribes in a certain order. The five tribes are in an order from left to right. The Seneca are furthest to the left, representing them being the Keepers of the Western Door. Next is the Cayuga Tribe. In the center of the belt, depicted with a different symbol, is the Onondaga Tribe, also known as the Keepers of the Central Fire. Next is the Oneida Tribe. Finally, shown farthest to the right is the Mohawk Tribe, depicted as the Keepers of the Eastern Door. Wampum The white lines connecting all of the symbols for each tribe together represents the unity of the Iroquois. It also represents the gathering from the Great Law of Peace and the Iroquois Confederacy as a whole.

The wampum bealt consists of black or purple-like and white beads that are made up of shells. Found in the Northeast of America, there are quahog clam shells that are often time used for the black and sometimes the white beads of these belts. Most often the Iroquois used various types of whelk spiral shells for the white beads.

These were very important in the story of Hiawatha. Hiawatha was very full of grief because his daughters were murdered in the fight. The Great Peacemaker gifted Hiawatha with the whelk shells and told him to put them on his eyes and ears and throat. These shells were a sign of healing and purity. Hiawatha used these shells to create unity. The Wampum beads are the most significant part of the story of Hiawatha. The Iroqouis Nation believes that the Peacemaker was the one who gifted them the first wampum belt, which later was titled the Hiawatha belt.

The Song of Hiawatha
Written by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, The Song of Hiawatha tells of the adventures of Hiawatha his heroic deeds. This song however has not much to do with the actual Haiwatha. Henry Longfellow most likely took the name of Hiawatha and nothing more. In this song, which is formated like a poem, talks about a legendary heroic Iroqouis man starting from his birth and ending on his ascension to the clouds. It talks of many battles, losses, and moral lessons. Henry Longfellow along with another writer Henry Rowe Schoolcraft, hoped to combime stories of Indians and great a sense of pride and rememberance for the Native Americans during the 1820's and later.

In tthe legend of the real Hiawatha, the five tribes had been fighintg for years until he united many of them. All except one tribe, the Onondaga tribe. This tribe was ruled by the man who had killed his family, Tadodaho. In order for the success of Hiawatha and Dekanawidah mission for peace, a women helped them. Jigonhsasee was part of the Iroquois andwas also believed to be the first clan mother. She helped the two men in their persuit for peace in all tribes.From her support Tadodaho was transformed and gave up war for peace. The legend ends with Tadodaho becoming the leader of the Iroqouis Confederacy.

Hiawatha's People
The Iroquois, also known as the Haudenosaunee, had conflict within their communities. Different tribes waged wars on each other, and many people died. Once the Great Peacemaker showed up, he promised "transcommunality." This basically meant that he promised peace and compromise between all people, regardless of character. He addressed his intentions at the communal longhouse, to show people what he was all about for the community. The Iroquois people were for peace, and they eventually overrode their quarrels to strive for, and obtain, peace. The Iroquois were compromised of clans, each led by a clan member. The clans extend through and follow mothers' descent, so children are sorted into clans by their through their mothers' heritage and backgrounds. These clans are also, interestingly, named after animals. Before the separation due to European exploration, these clans, including all members of the family, pertaining of aunts, uncles, cousins, and grandparents, all lived under a single roof in a longhouse. Even couples who married had the husband move into the wife's family's longhouse. Hiawatha also partook of games in that all the other members of his tribes played. The main sports they played were lacrosse, and the lesser known snowsnake. Snowsnake was a game involving throwing spear-headed sticks, which they called snowsnakes. The team who could throw the spears the farthest would be the winners. The Haudenosaunee were also very in tune with nature. They made calendars based off of the lunar cycle, and all throughout the year, they balanced their diets so they would be in the best conditions to do all of their jobs. They used everything they could get from animals to benefit themselves in surviving. The Iroquois had three main crops that they would survive off of. These included corn, beans, and squash. They called these crops the Three Sisters. They were very important to the Iroquois and they covered all the nutrients required in their diets. The politics within the Iroquois community and leadership were not overly complicated. The main law or constitution of the tribe was the Great Law of Peace, which kept understanding and peace in the community for a long time.