User:Samiksha14/sandbox

= Project Life Cycle =

Definition-
A life cycle defines the inter-related phases of a project, programme or portfolio and provides a structure for governing the progression of the work.[1]

According to the Project Management Institute, the project life cycle is critical for any managers hoping to deliver projects to clients successfully. [2]

Phases-
Life Cycle Phases in a Construction project-
 * 1) Initiation
 * 2) Planning
 * 3) Execution
 * 4) Performance and Monitoring
 * 5) Closure.

Life Cycle of a Residential Building
Consider a residential building of 20 Floors in Mumbai.

Initiation Phase-
Selection of Plot Making of Plans
 * Market Survey in and near the area.
 * To check whether the project is viable or not.
 * Feasibility of the project.
 * Checking the zone of the site.
 * Taking approval from the Town Planning Authority.
 * Checking the Development Plan(DP) of Mumbai i.e taking the DP remarks, to check whether the plot is in the reserved plots for various amenities.
 * Conducting Site Survey.
 * Making of various conceptual plans.
 * Shortlisting of conceptual plans.
 * Market Study of the selected plan to find out the sell ability with respect to demand and budget.
 * Approval of this plan from various authorities like Fire Department, Civil Aviation Department, Environmental Department and its compliance with the local Municipal By-Laws.

Planning Phase-
After the plan is approved by the aforementioned authorities, the planning phase is started. It involves the following steps.
 * Detailed Planning on approved plan with specifications of all items of work like materials and labor requirements, amenities to be provided etc.
 * Tender Drawings such as Architectural drawings, Structural drawings and MEP drawings are prepared. Soil Investigation is also conducted and soil investigation report is prepared.
 * Estimate of the quantities of materials, labor and other resources is worked out.
 * The time limit of the completion of the project and the cash-flow requirements are worked out.
 * Based on the estimates, tender documents are received, based on which a contractor and if needed sub-contractors are selected.

Execution Phase-
The first and foremost step in this phase is the preparation of Working Architectural Drawings, Working Structural Drawings and Working MEP Drawings for execution. After the preparation of various working drawings, the following steps are carried out-
 * Setting out of building.
 * Marking of Center Line of columns.
 * Foundation Work (Excavation or Piling based on the type of foundation required).
 * Plinth Construction.
 * Construction of RCC elements like columns, beams and slabs.
 * Masonry work.
 * Finishing Activities such as Plastering, Painting, Flooring.
 * Other services such as Plumbing, Electrification, Lifts etc.

Performance & Monitoring Phase-

 * Receiving the Occupational Certificate (OC) and Building Completion Certificate (BCC).
 * Monitoring of all the items of works such as painting, plastering, flooring, plumbing, electricity etc and to rectify any defects found.

Closure Phase-
This phase involves the possession of the flats to the buyers with all the necessary paperwork and to their utmost satisfaction.