User:Samuel.Rose09/sandbox

The coffee enjoyed in the Ottoman Middle East was produced in Yemen/Ethiopia and despite multiple attempts to ban the substance for its stimulating qualities, by 1600 coffee and coffeehouses were a prominent feature of Ottoman life. At the start of the modern age, the coffee houses were places for renegotiating the social hierarchy and for challenging the social order. The social dynamic of the transformation in commodities and the reactions of the elite to the consumption of those commodities frame the archaeological investigations into tobacco and coffee.