User:SanAnanyan/sandbox

Distribution
Armenia's national electrical grid is mainly responsible for distribution of electric energy. Here is an illustration of how government distributes and provides the population with electricity. The path of distribution consists of 6 steps. The first one is the power station step, where the electricity is generated. With the proportions of 42.3% for 3 Thermal Power Plants, 27.7% of Nuclear Power plant, 18.6% of 2 Large Hydro Power Plants and 11.4% of 173 Small Hydro Power Plants and Renewable Power Plants, Armenia generated almost 7.5 billion kWh electricity in 2017, which is regulated by High Voltage Electric Networks of Armenia CJSC. Then the electricity is transported to 1st substation transformer, where it is transformed into high voltage electricity, which is more useful, because high amounts of electricity can be transported for large distances. Armenia has 102 pieces of high voltage substation transformers (110kV), with the specified capacity of 4478 MVA. With this voltage, electricity travels for 2307,12 km, with the switches 159 pieces and bearers 9482 pieces. The third step is about the transmission networks, which carry the electricity to the customers, but again in high voltages, for the same reason. The 4th step is the 2nd substation transformer, which lowers the voltages for everyday use. For this case, Armenia has 224 pieces of substation transformers (35kV), with a specified capacity of 1736 MVA. With this voltage we have cable lines of 67,67 km, switches – 687 pieces	and bearers of 12945 pieces. This transformers are located in a certain area and are the start for the 5th step, which is the distribution power-lines step. In this step the electricity reaches its final destination and is ready for the 6th step, which is the home and businesses, where the electricity is used. . In Armenia it is done with the help of High Voltage Electric Networks CJSC and Energy Networks of Armenia CJSC, which means that the electricity is monitored by HVEN CJSC and distributed by ENA CJSC. Electric Networks of Armenia CJSC was founded back in 2002, merging four state regional companies (“Yerevan Electric Networks”, “North Electric Networks”, “South Electric Networks” and “Central Electric Networks”). With an overall spread of 36km grid, it provides with electricity over 1 million customers.

Selling Electricity
After being distributed, the consumer pays for the electricity with the specific tariff, which is defined by the ENA CJSC and approved by the Public Services Regulatory Commission (PSRC) of Armenia and the Mnistry of Justice. So, the transmission grid is a the only way to sell electricity. When transported from HVEN CJSC to ENA CJSC 2.04% of losses occur, while in the distribution state 11.03% losses of electricity take place. ENA CJSC buys the electricity with the rate of 25.7 AMD/kWh and also the transmission and distribution cost 1.7 AMD/kWh and 14.1 AMD/kWh respectively. This means that ENA CJSC pays 41.5 AMD per kWh. So, the costumers of ENA CJSC are divided into 4 voltage categories. The first one is the large businesses that buy electricity with the highest amount of voltage available, which has 110 kV of voltage. For that costumers have to pay 34.7 AMD/kWh for the daytime and 30.7 AMD/kWh for the night time. The second group has to pay 37.2 AMD/kWh for daytime 33.2 AMD/kWh for nighttime, for 35 kV of voltage. For the 6(10) kV of voltage consumers should pay 43.2 AMD/kWh and 33.2 AMD/kWh at daytime and nighttime respectively. Finally, about the ordinary consumers, 0.38 kV of voltage should be bought at 46.2 AMD/kWh and 36.2 AMD/kWh at daytime and nighttime respectively. This group involves the majority of the population, as this voltage is for domestic use.