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Development of the study During the preparation of the FAO “African Agriculture: the next 25 years” study, (FAO 1986) there was a preliminary study of projects in Africa with a soil conservation component. Fourteen projects were subjected to a quantitative assessment, on a five-point scale, of thirteen parameters considered likely to have a bearing on the success of the project. It was decided to use a similar approach for the present study, but using many more parameters divided into: Before project: concerned with identification, appraisal and design; During project: concerned with implementation and monitoring; After project: concerned with evaluation and sustainability. An example of the evaluation sheets is shown in Appendix 3, and the results are discussed