User:Sanchez.marta/sandbox/My contributions: Güeñes

Güeñes is a municipality in the province of Biscay, in the autonomous community of Basque Country, in the North of Spain.

Geography
The towns of Sodupe, La Quadra, Zaramillo and the administrative centre, Güeñes, all lie within the region.

Population cores in the region

 * Central Güeñes - 2213
 * La Quadra - 420
 * Sodupe - 5117
 * Zaramillo - 510
 * Total 8.258  - (INE 2011).

History
In ancient times, it was included in the Valley of Salcedo, formed by two councils: Güeñes and Zalla. The valley of Salcedo was founded in the late 12th century by Count D. Rubio Diaz de Asturias, who ordered the building of the Tower of Salcedo of Aranguti, which was later on transformed into a palace. He was succeeded by his daughter Maria de Salcedo, married to D. Galindo de Ayala, Mr. of Ayala. Ayala and Salcedo would remain together for the rest of the 12th century and the first half of the 13th century, under the successive domination of Sancho Garcia "the headstrong" and Hurtado Sanz. They would not, however, the only eminent "owners" of the valley: other characters wielded power in the area, such as Martin Sancho de Santa Marina. In the early 13th century, Hurtado Sanz de Salcedo, (6th Lord of Ayala), had a daughter who had two bastard children with Martin Sanchez of Santa Marina: Lope Sanchez, who received Gordexola as inheritance and Sancho Ortiz Marroquin,.who kept with Zalla and Güeñes.

A generation later, Marroquin divided between three of his four children all their possessions in Salcedo, thus giving rise to three lineages; Montermoso Marroquin, La Jara and Salcedo Salcedo Aranguren. In the valley of Salcedo direct clashes began at a relatively late date, during the mid 14th century. Realationships between different lineages were difficult. Much of their differences seem to start from Sancho Ortiz Marroquin’s territorial divisions. Despite the opposition from Salcedo, Montermoso still had effective control of the region, especially after the death of Juan Sanchez, and the marroquines territorial demands also began to increase.

All sides were well defined, and they all fought tirelessly for the control of the region: zamudianos of Salcedo, Salazares and Muñatones on one hand and marroquines and gordojanos on the other. By 1400, the Salazar Salcedo quarreled with and associated with the marroquines. The atmosphere of generalized violence lived all over the Lordship, forced the lords of Vizcaya and kings of Castile to take action on the matter. It was difficult to impose rules, when managers to enforce were those who used them for their own profit. Therefore, it became necessary to resort to outsiders. Violence began to subside during the last years of the 15th century. There was a change in economic conditions, and both production and population increased: the causes that had lead to struggle began to disappear. During the first half of the 16th century, disputes concerning neighboring municipalities borders were fixed: In January 1507, the councils of Güeñes and Gordejuela gathered to mark their respective term and limits, in order not to confuse the jurisdictions of its justices. On February 27th in the same year, the representatives of these councils proceeded to the demarcation. During this period of time, iron production and the expansion of cultivated areas acquired a very important role. Güeñes also featured another engine that underpinned its demographic expansion: the works of the church of Santa Maria, provided work to a good number of workers.

On April 17, 1624, the General Meeting of the Lordship of Biscay, contemplating the possibility of an attack by Dutch ships, decided to fortify the ports and coasts and appoint captains in all villas and parish churches of Vizcaya. In September 1642, Mr. Jacinto Hurtado de Tavisón, perpetual mayor of the council of Güeñes, asked the full incorporation of Güeñes in the manor.

In 1704 the council of Güeñes had 202 fires, as emerges from a fogueramiento Vizcaya made throughout this year. This fogueramiento was enacted by the General Meeting of the manor on 28 June, in order to make the divisions of the estate. From the outbreak of 1766, Güeñes suffered a long series of bad harvests, strong fiscal demands, wars and diseases.This growth situation forced the regiment to suppress direct taxes between 1772 and 1775 and spread land between neighbors, so that they could increase their resources. The Board of Merindades of 13 August 1799 had determined the full incorporation of the Encartaciones to the Lordship and had approved the conditions of such a union. On 25th May 1800, authorities of the council of Güeñes met in the City Hall. On February 2 a committee was appointed to be responsible for conferring with the authorities of the manor. On 14th July 1800, the General Meetings of Guernica ended up incorporating the Lordship of Güeñes. In the War of 1808 a Gallic detachment settled his headquarters in Sodupe, causing a major upheaval: the war absorbed a high percentage of local agricultural production as "rations" for troop.

Politics
The Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) has been governing Güeñes for the last 37 years. These are the elected majors from last terms:
 * 1979-1983 	Pedro María Saracho Cortajarena
 * 1983-1987 	Manuel Jarrín Totorica
 * 1987-1991 	Jose María Larrucea Ulibarri
 * 1991-2003 	Guillermo Ibarra Vitorica
 * 2003-2015	Koldo Artaraz Martín
 * 2015-now      Imanol Zuluaga Zamalloa

Famous people in the town

 * Jacinto de Romarate,distinguised marine who defended Montevideo from the patriot siege in the American War of Independence.
 * Daniel Ruiz Bazán, ex football player in the Athletic Club during the 1970s and 1980s. Born in Sodupe.
 * Rosa Díez, politician. She was a tourism counselor in the Basque Government,PSOE eurodeputy, representative in the Spanish Cortes Generales and founder of the Union Progreso y Democracia political party. Born in Sodupe.
 * Lorenzo de Arrieta Mascarua Sarachaga (1821-1891): politician and member of the parliament.
 * José Miguel de Arrieta Mascarua Sarachaga (1817-1869): politician and member of the parliament.

Monuments and heritage
The following are some of the most important monuments and interest places in the territory of Güeñes:


 * Errecalde farmhouse
 * Hurtado de Amézaga palace
 * St. Vincent Church
 * Sanchosolo chapel
 * Saratxaga palace
 * Cuadra Salcedo Palace
 * Arenatza Park
 * The Bridge tower
 * La Cuadra tower
 * Sanchosolo tower
 * Sologuchi tower
 * Villa Urrutia
 * St. Michael Lacabe Church