User:Santhosh1215/xyz

Introduction: In Power Detection Using RF (Radio Frequency) there are 2 main sections namely Transmitter & Receiver sections. The block diagrams of each are shown in below figures. Transmitter Section: In the Transmitter section there is a Microcontroller along with Reset circuit, Oscillator circuit, Encoder circuit, RF Transmitter and the Sensors connected to it. Here the input to the Microcontroller is the signal from sensors. The Microcontroller used of type is 8051µC. The Oscillator circuit provides timing to the Microcontroller for regular intervals of time. The bock diagram shown in fig.1. Fig.1 Block Diagram of Transmitter Receiver Section: Receiver section is similar to the Transmitter section with some additional blocks. The Receiver section is placed at the substation or at the control room and the Transmitter section is placed at the house or plots. The no. of inputs connections or house connections from the sensors are depending in the Microcontroller pin configuration. The maximum inputs are approximately 18 and less. The block diagram of Receiver section is shown in fig.2. Fig.2 Block Diagram of Receiver Embedded System: The combination of both Hardware and Software that is Embedded the particular software into a particular Hardware.

Applications: The Embedded system serves in various fields such as: Navigations, Air crafts, Security applications, Railways, Medical equipments, Bank applications, Home appliances, Military field and in all automated systems, etc.. Software: It is defined as combination of some programs and other operating information used by computer. The software is mainly divided into 2 types, those are: Low level language High level language S.No. Low level language   High level language 1.   It is come under Assembly language    Examples are C, C++, Java etc., 2.   Assembler is used to convert the Assembly language into machine code language. Interpreter is used to convert the High level language into machine code language. 3.   It is Hardware dependent. It is Hardware independent. 4.   Fast program execution. Fast program development. In this the language used is Embedded C and the software is Keil software.

Hardware: It is defined as the machines, wiring and other physical components of a computer. Classification of Hardware can be based on execution Microprocessors (8085, 8086, 8088 etc.,) Microcontrollers (8051, Peripheral Interface Controller-PIC, Advanced version of RISC-AVR, Advanced RISC Machine-ARM etc.,) Classification of Microcontroller can be based on type of execution RISC- Reduced instruction Set Computer/Controller CISC- Complex Instruction Set computer/Controller. S.No. RISC   CISC 1.   It is belongs to 8051 family type. It has less no. of instruction set. Examples are AVR, PIC, ARM, etc.. The instruction set of this is very complex. 2.   Constant machine cycle. Variable machine cycle. 3.   Fast operation. Slow program execution.

Differences between MP & MC: S.No. Microprocessor   Microcontroller 1.   An integrating circuit containing all the functions of  a central processing unit of a computer. A microcontroller is a small computer on a single integrated circuit consisting internally of a relatively simple CPU, clock, timers, I/O ports, and memory 2.   It has only CPU. It consists all parts fabricated on itself. 3.   It used for multiple tasks/multiple applications. It is used for single task/single application only. 4.   It is complex and expensive. It is simple and less cost. 5.   Examples are PC, Laptop, etc.. Examples are Printers, ACs, etc.. Power Supply Circuit: Power supply circuit is shown in below fig.3. In this circuit the LED is of 5V. This circuit is to provide supply to the sensor. The regulators are 78XX series and in this the XX represents voltage rating of the regulator. Fig.3 Power supply circuit Here the type of Diode used is IN4007. The use of capacitors is to protect the amplifiers from sudden removal of power and to filter the ripples from the pulsating DC. Output results at various stages of the power supply circuit: Output of bridge rectifier   -    10.28V DC     Output at 7812 regulator    -    12V DC     Output at 7805 rectifier    -    5.05V DC     Output across LED        -    1.98V Output across resistor   -    3.02V