User:Sarabergwiki/Books/History of Netherlands

[Timeline of early modern history]

Early Modern (1453 - 1789) - beginning with Fall of Constantinople in 1453 > ending around French Revolution in 1789.

Holy Roman Empire

 * Holy Roman Empire
 * History of Germany
 * List of states in the Holy Roman Empire
 * Flags of the Holy Roman Empire
 * Coats of arms of the Holy Roman Empire

Holy Roman Emperors
Married to Eleanor of Portugal. He was the longest-reigning German monarch. Used A.E.I.O.U. as his signature when he was elected King of the Romans in 1440. He did not explain its meaning at the time. However, shortly before his death, he claimed it stood for: Alles Erdrich its Österreich untertan (German for: "All the world is subject to Austria"). He was succeeded by his son Maximilian I.
 * Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor (21 September 1415 – 19 August 1493). Reign 21 September 1415 – 19 August 1493.


 * Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor (22 March 1459 – 12 January 1519). Reign 16 February 1486 – 12 January 1519.

Charles is the eldest son of Philip the Handsome (a.k.a Philip I of Castile) and Joanna of Castile in the Flemish city of Ghent. However, Philip died suddenly at Burgos, supposedly from of typhoid fever, on 25 September 1506 (aged 28) and Joanna became Queen but was forced into confinement at the Convent of Santa Clara in Tordesillas, Castile. Charles would be was raised by his aunt Margaret of Austria, at the Hof van Savoye in Mechelen, Belgium.
 * Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558). Reign 28 June 1519 – 27 August 1556.

Married his cousin, Isabella of Portugal on 10 March 1526 at the palace of Alcazar of Seville. Charles never remarried, after Isabella died after giving birth to a stillborn son in May 1539 (aged 35).

Slowly gave up his power through a series of abdications between 1554 and 1556. He died 21 September 1558 in Yuste, Spain and is buried with his wife at El Escorial, San Lorenzo de El Escorial, in Spain.


 * Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor (10 March 1503 – 25 July 1564). Reign 5 January 1531 – 25 July 1564.

Hapsburg Family and Extended Family
Philip II of Spain

Joanna of Castile

Margaret of York

Margaret of Austria, Duchess of Savoy

Category:House of Habsburg

History of the Dutch Republic

 * Netherlands
 * Dutch Republic


 * Seventeen Provinces
 * Stadtholder

Dutch Revolt (1566 or 1568–1648)
Dutch Revolt (1566 or 1568–1648) The successful revolt of the northern, largely Protestant Seven Provinces of the Low Countries against the rule of the Catholic King Philip II.

William the Silent - William I, Prince of Orange (24 April 1533 – . Born on 24 April 1533 at the castle of Dillenburg in the duchy of Nassau (now in Hesse, Germany)(House of Nassau) in the Holy Roman Empire. Died at the age of 51 after he was assassinated in Delft on 10 July 1584. He was the main leader of the Dutch revolt that set off the Eighty Years' War and resulted in the formal independence of the United Provinces in 1648.

Alteratie - (Eng: Alteration) is the name given to the change of power in Amsterdam on May 26, 1578, when the Catholic city government was deposed in favor of a Protestant one.

Peace of Westphalia (May 15 – Oct. 24, 1648)
The Peace of Westphalia (signed between May and October 1648 in the Westphalian cities of Osnabrück and Münster. These treaties ended the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) in the Holy Roman Empire, and the Eighty Years' War (1568–1648) between Spain and the Dutch Republic, with Spain formally recognizing the independence of the Dutch Republic.

Peace of Münster (Jan. 30, 1648 / May 15, 1648)
The Peace of Münster between the Dutch Republic and the Kingdom of Spain on 30 January 1648, ratified in Münster on 15 May 1648

Act of Abjuration (22 July 1581)
Plakkaat van Verlatinghe
 * States of Holland and West Friesland

Johan de Witt (24 September 1625 – 20 August 1672)
assassination brothers De Witt Grand Pensionary Cornelis de Witt (15 June 1623 – 20 August 1672)


 * Adriaan Pauw Grand Pensionary of Holland from 1631 to 1636 and from 1651 to 1653.

Perpetual Edict (1667)

 * Amsterdam
 * Timeline of Amsterdam


 * 1270 - Dam built on Amstel River (approximate date).
 * 1306 13 June - Amsterdam granted city rights. City rights in the Low Countries
 * 1306 - Oude Kerk consecrated.
 * 1345 - 15 March: Alleged "Miracle of Amsterdam" Stille Omgang occurs.

Other
 * Top 100 Dutch heritage sites

Category:Historic house museums in the Netherlands

Economic

 * Economic history of the Netherlands (1500–1815)
 * Financial history of the Dutch Republic

Dutch East India Company (20 March 1602 - 31 December 1799)
Dutch East India Company (Vereinigte Ostindische Compagnie) (20 March 1602 - 31 December 1799)
 * Dejima -small fan-shaped artificial island built in the bay of Nagasaki in 1634 by local merchants. Dejima was built to constrain foreign traders as part of sakoku, the self-imposed isolationist policy. Originally built to house Portuguese traders, it was used by the Dutch as a trading post from 1641 until 1853.

Dutch West India Company (June 3, 1621 - 1792)

 * Dutch West India Company

Netherlands and Water

 * Floods in the Netherlands
 * Christmas Flood of 1717
 * St. Elizabeth's flood (1421)


 * Flood control in the Netherlands


 * Canals of Amsterdam


 * De Schoolmaster, Westzaan - smock mill in Westzaan, North Holland, the Netherlands which is maintained in full working order. It is the only wind powered paper mill in the world.

Art of the Netherlands
Category:Art movements in Dutch painting Category:Early Netherlandish painting

Category-Dutch art collectors

Dutch Golden Age

 * Dutch Golden Age

Churches in Amsterdam

 * Heilige Stede (Chapel of the Heilige Stede) originally built in the 15th century to replace a chapel that burned in a city fire of 1452. That original chapel had been built in 1347 as a result of the miracle of Amsterdam (15 March 1345), located on the Kalverstraat where this miracle with the eucharistic host occurred.


 * Oude Kerk (Old Church) founded ca. 1213 and consecrated in 1306. Is Amsterdam’s oldest building and oldest parish church. After Reformation in 1578 became a Calvinist church. Stands in De Wallen, now the main red-light district.
 * Nieuwe Kerk (Amsterdam) 15th-century church, located on Dam Square, next to the Royal Palace.


 * Noorderkerk (Northern Church) built in between 1620–1623.
 * Zuiderkerk (Southern Church) is a 17th-century Protestant church in the Nieuwmarkt area. It was the city's first church built specifically for Protestant services.Constructed between 1603 and 1611.
 * Oosterkerk (Eastern Church) is a 17th-Century Dutch Reformed church. Built in the period 1669-1671.
 * Westerkerk Protestant church, opened in 1631. Architect, Hendrick de Keyser. Next to the Jordan district, on the bank of the Prinsengracht canal.


 * Ronde Luthiers Kerk former Lutheran church, opened in 1671.

Protestant Reformation (ca 31 October 1517 to ca 1618)

 * Protestant Reformation
 * Protestantism
 * History of Protestantism
 * Martin Luther
 * Beeldenstorm
 * Augsburg Confession
 * Protestant Union - was a coalition of Protestant German states that was formed in 1608 by Elector Palatine Frederick IV to defend the rights, lands and person of each member.


 * Counter-Reformation
 * Ons' Lieve Heer op Solder (Our Lord in the Attic)


 * John Calvin

New

 * Nuremberg Chronicle
 * John Frederick I, Elector of Saxony
 * Peter Lombard


 * Coat of arms of Germany
 * Coat of arms of the Netherlands
 * List of coats of arms
 * Dutch Empire
 * List of historical ship types
 * Naval history of the Netherlands
 * List of Dutch inventions and discoveries
 * Feudalism
 * Family tree of the House of Orange (1450–1815)
 * Order of the Golden Fleece
 * Leo Belgicus
 * Leo Belgicus

Category-Buildings and structures in Amsterdam Category-Dutch building and structure stubs Category-Dutch inventions Category-Dutch monarchy Category-Maps showing the history of the former colonies of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
 * Pragmatic Sanction of 1549
 * Château de la Muette
 * Philip de Montmorency, Count of Horn
 * Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria
 * Petrus Berits
 * Battle of Bagradas or Tunis
 * Battle of Pavia
 * Battle of Mühlberg
 * Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba
 * John Frederick I, Elector of Saxony
 * Ole Worm
 * Binnenhof
 * Jan de Baen
 * Montelbaanstoren
 * Polder
 * Sebastian Münster
 * Snow golf
 * Waag, Amsterdam
 * Revanchism
 * Hortus deliciarum


 * Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden oldest museum in the world, it was estb. from the multiple collections of the Saxon electors during the 16th century.