User:SarahS3898/Content analysis/Bibliography

Bibliography for content analysis:

Sumpter, R. S. (2001). News about news: John G. speed and the first newspaper content analysis. Journalism History, 27(2), 64-72. Retrieved from http://proxyau.wrlc.org/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.proxyau.wrlc.org/docview/205351748?accountid=8285

John G. Speed was one of the first to utilize content analysis in a newspaper in the 19th century. He measured content in units of column (69).

Treadwell, Donald (2016). Introducing Communication Research (3rd ed.). Sage Publications. [ISBN13: 978-1483379418; ISBN-10: 1483379418]

How to train and work with multiple, human coders, and when to bring in a panel of judges to assess discrepancies in coding.

Conway, M. (2006). The Subjective Precision of Computers: A Methodological Comparison with Human Coding in Content Analysis. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 83(1), 186–200. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769900608300112

This study illustrated the differences in coding results from computer coding to human coders, showing how computers have altered the process. Human coders tended to interpret more "nuanced" language and could better recognize complexities and ambiguities. Computers, on the other hand, had a more encompassing range of data and were better at more accurately counting key word mentions.

Hsieh, H.-F., & Shannon, S. E. (2005). Three Approaches to Qualitative Content Analysis. Qualitative Health Research, 15(9), 1277–1288. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732305276687

Hsieh and Shannon break down content analysis into three groups: conventional, directive, and summative. These groups are differentiated by, for example, how they are coded and how reliable the type of analysis is.

Kracauer, S. (1952). The Challenge of Qualitative Content Analysis. The Public Opinion Quarterly, 16(4), 631-642. Retrieved February 13, 2020, from www.jstor.org/stable/2746123

Latent and manifest meanings. Latent meanings can disrupt coding of manifest meanings, but are also necessary to the goal of the researcher. Latent meanings are more difficult to quantify.

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